1选择题
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Last summer, a strong typhoon swept through our small town. The streets were flooded, and many houses were damaged. A young engineer named Ms. Chen designed a warning app that could send messages to villagers before a disaster arrived. The app, which has already saved hundreds of lives, is now used in several villages along the river. Ms. Chen says the reason why she created the app is simple: "I grew up watching floods destroy my neighbours' homes, and I wanted to do something useful."
Which of the following statements about Ms. Chen is TRUE according to the passage?
- A. She was born in a village far away from the river.
- B. She created an app which helps villagers get warnings before disasters.
- C. She once lost her own house in a terrible earthquake.
- D. She believes the app will stop typhoons from happening in the future.
答案：B
解析：本题考查细节理解与定语从句信息提取。原文明确提到 a young engineer named Ms. Chen designed a warning app that could send messages to villagers before a disaster arrived，与B项完全吻合，且B项中 which 引导的定语从句也呼应了本单元的语法点。A项无依据，原文只说她沿着河的村庄使用该应用；C项偷换灾害类型，原文是 flood 洪水而不是 earthquake 地震；D项说法绝对，应用只是提前预警，并不能阻止台风发生。易错点：把「flood」与「earthquake」等灾害词汇混为一谈，或被选项中的绝对化表述误导。故选B。
2选择题
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Last summer, a serious drought hit a small town in the south. The river that used to run through the town dried up completely, and the price of fresh vegetables rose quickly. Many families, ________ were used to watering their gardens every evening, had to give up their hobby. A shopkeeper named Mr. Lin said, "What surprised me most was that customers began to buy less fruit and choose cheaper food instead." He also said the fact was that the town had not prepared enough water tanks before the dry season came. If the town had built more reservoirs earlier, it would not have suffered so much. As time went by, however, the rain finally returned and the situation began to improve.
Which of the following is TRUE about the drought according to the passage?
- A. The river through the town kept running as usual during the drought.
- B. Many families had to stop watering their gardens because of the drought.
- C. The shopkeeper said customers bought more fruit than before.
- D. The town had prepared enough water tanks before the dry season came.
答案：B
解析：本题考查细节理解与概念辨析。定位原文："Many families, which were used to watering their gardens every evening, had to give up their hobby." 说明很多家庭因干旱停止浇花园，B 项与原文一致。
A 项与 "The river ... dried up completely" 相反，属于偷换概念（"kept running as usual" 错）。
C 项与 "customers began to buy less fruit" 相反。
D 项与 "the town had not prepared enough water tanks" 相反。
易错点：看到 "had to give up their hobby" 不知 hobby 指代什么，需回指前文 watering their gardens；另注意 which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 families，不要误认为修饰 gardens。故选 B。
3填空题
根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
Drought is one of the natural disasters that cause great damage to farmers. Last year, a drought (1) ________ (hit) the western area and the crops died quickly. The villagers (2) ________ (try) many ways to save water since then. (3) ________ (see) from the hill, the dry fields looked like a brown sea. It is necessary (4) ________ the government to build more reservoirs. The farmers said the money (5) ________ they received from the charity was a big help.
答案：(1) hit；(2) have tried；(3) Seen；(4) for；(5) that/which
解析参考：
(1) hit：句中有明确的过去时间状语 last year，故用一般过去时 hit（hit 的过去式与原形同形）。
(2) have tried：句中有 since then，是现在完成时的典型标志词，故用 have tried。
(3) Seen：逻辑主语 the dry fields 与 see 之间是被动关系（田地被看），故用过去分词 Seen 作状语。
(4) for：necessary 描述的是「建水库」这件事的性质，而非政府的品质，故用 It is necessary for sb. to do sth.。
(5) that/which：先行词 the money 指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，故用 that 或 which，且可省略。
解析：本题为综合语法填空，覆盖本片五个考点：
(1) 现在完成时与一般过去时的区分（考点5）：last year 是明确的过去时间状语，用一般过去时；易错是误用 has hit。注意 hit 的过去式仍是 hit，拼写易错。
(2) 现在完成时标志词 since then（考点5）：易错是写成 tried。
(3) 非谓语动词作状语（考点4）：需判断逻辑主语 the dry fields 与 see 是被动关系，用过去分词 Seen；易错是误写 Seeing。
(4) It is + adj. + of/for sb. to do（考点3）：necessary 描述事情的必要性，用 for；易错是误用 of（of 常接 kind, careless 等描述人的品质的形容词）。
(5) 定语从句关系代词（考点1）：先行词 the money 是物，关系词作宾语，用 that/which，可省略；易错是误用 who 或 where。
另注意自然灾害词汇拼写：drought（干旱）不要写成 drougt，flood、typhoon、earthquake 也需拼写准确。
4解答题
根据括号内的提示，完成下列句子或按要求改写句子（每空不超过两个词，注意从句中连接词与谓语动词的正确形式）。
1. ________ the flood hit the town was reported on the local news last night.（用 that 或 what 填空）
2. The truth is ________ many families lost their homes in the earthquake.（用 that 或 what 填空）
3. The typhoon ________ struck the coast last week caused great damage.（用 that 或 which 填空）
4. ________ the drought lasted, the price of vegetables kept rising.（用 when / while / as 填空）
5. If I ________ (be) the head of the village, I would move the villagers to safe places at once.（用所给词的适当形式填空）
6. 改写句子（改为一般疑问句）：They built a new shelter for the flood victims last month.
7. 改写句子（改为否定句）：She donated some money to the earthquake area yesterday.
答案：1. What
2. that
3. that / which
4. As
5. were
6. Did they build a new shelter for the flood victims last month?
7. She didn't donate any money to the earthquake area yesterday.
解析见 analysis。
解析：1. 主语从句 "he said at the meeting" 中 said 缺宾语，what 兼作连接词和宾语，意为"……所说的话"；若用 that，从句成分残缺。答案 What。
2. 表语从句 "many families lost their homes in the earthquake" 结构完整、不缺成分，that 只起连接作用、无词义。答案 that。易错：看到表语从句就想填 what，其实要先看从句是否缺主/宾/表。
3. 定语从句先行词 typhoon 是物，关系词在从句中作主语，that 或 which 均可。答案 that / which。易错：写成 what（what 不能引导定语从句）。
4. "随着干旱持续"表"伴随变化"，用 as；while 后须接延续性动作且强调"在……期间"，此处"随着"义更贴切。答案 As。
5. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句：If + 主语 + 过去式（be 一律用 were），主句 would + 动词原形。答案 were。易错：写成 was（正式英语中虚拟语气 be 一律用 were）。
6. 一般过去时变一般疑问句：借助助动词 Did，主语后动词过去式 built 还原为 build。易错：写成 "Did they built"。
7. 一般过去时变否定句：didn't + 动词原形 donate；肯定句中的 some 在否定句中改为 any。易错：写成 "didn't donated" 或保留 some。
5解答题
根据中文提示和括号内的英语单词，用适当的语法结构完成下列句子。每空不限一词，注意定语从句、非谓语动词和情态动词的正确使用。
1. 互联网已经改变了我们的生活方式，这是我们都知道的事实。
The internet has changed our way of life, ________ ________ we all know.
2. 那场袭击这个小镇的洪水冲走了许多房屋。
________ ________ ________ the town washed away many houses.
3. 我们应该为可能发生的自然灾害做好准备。
We ________ ________ prepared for possible natural disasters.
4. 制定一份家庭应急计划是应对地震的一个好办法。
________ (make) a family emergency plan is a good way to deal with an earthquake.
5. 老师建议我们每人准备一个应急包。
Our teacher suggested that we ________ (prepare) an emergency bag each.
答案：1. as is（此处指代前面整个主句，意为"正如我们都知道的"，用 as 引导非限制性定语从句，as 常与 know, see, expect 等动词连用。）
2. The flood that hit（that 引导限制性定语从句修饰 The flood，从句中 that 作主语，谓语动词 hit 用一般过去时；也可用 which 替代 that。）
3. should be（情态动词 should 后接动词原形，be prepared for 意为"为……做好准备"。）
4. Making（动词短语作主语需用动名词形式 Making，句首首字母大写。）
5. (should) prepare（suggest 后接宾语从句时用虚拟语气，谓语为 (should) + 动词原形，should 可省略。）
解析：本题综合考查本册重点语法，易错点如下：
第1小题：as 引导非限制性定语从句指代整个主句，有"正如"之意，位置灵活；若填 which 虽可指代主句但缺少"正如"含义，填 that 则完全错误（that 不能引导非限制性定语从句）。
第2小题：定语从句先行词是 The flood（物），关系词可用 that 或 which，但不能用 who；从句谓语 hit 与主句 washed away 时态一致，都用一般过去时。注意 flood 的拼写，不要写成 flord。
第3小题：情态动词 should 后必须接动词原形，不能写成 should be prepared 以外的形式如 should is / should to be；should 表"建议"，语气比 must 弱。
第4小题：动词短语作主语需用动名词 Making，不能用 To make 表示一般性活动，更不能直接用原形 Make。
第5小题：suggest 后接 that 从句时用 (should) + 动词原形的虚拟语气，不能写成 suggested us to prepare（suggest 不能接不定式作宾补），也不能写成 preparing。
6解答题
根据语境，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，或根据中文提示完成句子。注意时态、非谓语动词和定语从句的正确使用。
1. Look! The schedule says the online meeting ________ (start) at 2 p.m. tomorrow.
2. 我的老师建议我加入学校的应急救援社团。
My teacher suggested that I ________ (join) the school emergency rescue club.
3. 那些在干旱中失去庄稼的农民急需帮助。
The farmers ________ lost their crops in the drought are in great need of help.
4. 台风即将登陆，我们正在把花盆搬进屋里。
The typhoon ________ (land) soon, so we are moving the flowerpots inside.
5. 听英语新闻是了解灾害应对知识的好方法。
________ (listen) to English news is a good way to learn about disaster response.
答案：1. is starting（尽管有明确的将来时间 tomorrow，但 schedule says 表明这是已安排好的计划，用现在进行时表将来，start 用 is starting。）
2. (should) join（suggest 后接 that 宾语从句时用虚拟语气，谓语用 (should) + 动词原形，should 可省略。）
3. who / that（先行词 The farmers 指人，关系词在从句中作主语，可用 who 或 that 引导限制性定语从句。）
4. is landing（soon 与语境"正在搬花盆"表明动作即将发生且已安排好，用现在进行时表将来，land 用 is landing。）
5. Listening（动词短语作主语需用动名词形式 Listening，句首首字母大写。）
解析：本题侧重时态与非谓语动词的辨析，易错点如下：
第1小题：看到 tomorrow 就填 will start 是常见错误；schedule says（日程表上写着）表明是既定安排，应用现在进行时表将来 is starting。
第2小题：suggest 后不能接不定式作宾补（不能写 suggested me to join），只能用 (should) + 动词原形的虚拟语气。
第3小题：先行词是人（farmers），关系词不能用 which，可用 who 或 that；注意 drought（干旱）的拼写，不要写成 drough。
第4小题：soon 与"正在搬花盆"的语境表明是已确定的计划，用 is landing 表将来，不能填 will land（临时决定或单纯预测）。
第5小题：动词短语作主语需用动名词 Listening，不能用 To listen（不定式作主语多表示具体一次的行为）或原形 Listen。
整体提醒：定语从句关系词的选择要看先行词是人还是物，以及关系词在从句中充当什么成分；非谓语动词作主语时习惯性活动用动名词。
7解答题
Read the following sentences and complete the tasks. Write your answers in English.
1) Rewrite the sentence using the emphatic structure (It is/was ... that/who ...) to emphasize the underlined part "UNESCO".
UNESCO has protected many cultural sites around the world.
2) Rewrite the sentence using a relative clause with that or which.
A flood hit the town last week. The flood washed away two bridges.
3) The following sentence contains a mistake. Find it and correct it, then explain the rule in English.
It was the typhoon which destroyed the rice crops in the village.
答案：1) It is UNESCO that/who has protected many cultural sites around the world.
2) The flood that/which hit the town last week washed away two bridges.
3) Correct sentence: It was the typhoon that destroyed the rice crops in the village. (Or: It was the typhoon which destroyed the rice crops in the village is acceptable when emphasizing things, but in the emphatic structure "It is/was ... that ..." is preferred.) Explanation: In the emphatic structure "It is/was + emphasized part + that + the rest", we normally use "that" after the emphasized part; when the emphasized part is a person, "who" can also be used. Here the emphasized part "the typhoon" is a thing, so the best choice is "that".
解析：本题考查强调句型 It is/was... that/who... 与定语从句 that/which 的辨析，属于易混概念对比。第1小题强调主语 UNESCO，去掉 It is 和 that/who 后句子 UNESCO has protected... 依然完整，说明是强调句而非主语从句，剩余部分动词形式保持不变（has protected）。第2小题把两个简单句合成含定语从句的句子，先行词 flood 是物，用 that/which 均可，注意从句谓语 hit 的时态与原句一致（一般过去时）。第3小题考查强调句中关系词的选择：强调人可用 who，强调物用 that（一般不用 which）。易错点：① 强调句写成 It is UNESCO which has protected...（强调人应优先用 who 或 that）；② 合并句子时把从句谓语改成 floods hit，造成主谓不一致；③ 把强调句误认为定语从句，随意加 which。
8解答题
Read the short passage and complete the tasks. Write your answers in English.
Last summer, a severe drought struck the small town of Greenfield. The town, which used to be famous for its apple orchards, lost most of its harvest. Many families had to buy water at high prices. Later, the government built a new reservoir, and the town is now better prepared for dry seasons.
1) Fill in each blank with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
(1) A severe drought ______ (strike) Greenfield last summer.
(2) The new reservoir ______ (build) by the government last year.
2) Change the following sentence into the passive voice.
People use mobile apps to pay for water in Greenfield now.
3) Complete the sentence with a phrasal verb from the box, and pay attention to the position of the object.
Box: send out / look up / turn on
Please ______ ______ the warning message. (The object is "the warning message".)
Now rewrite the same sentence using the pronoun "it" instead of "the warning message".
答案：1) (1) struck; (2) was built.
2) Mobile apps are used to pay for water in Greenfield now.
3) Please send out the warning message. / Please send the warning message out. Rewritten with the pronoun: Please send it out. (Note: "send out it" is wrong — with a pronoun object, the pronoun must come between the verb and the adverb.)
解析：本题综合考查被动语态（一般过去时与一般现在时）以及动词+副词短语动词的宾语位置，情境围绕自然灾害与消费生活展开。第1(1)题 last summer 提示一般过去时，strike 的过去式为 struck（易错写成 striked 或 stricken）；第1(2)题 reservoir 是 build 的承受者，且 last year 表过去，故用 was built，注意过去分词 built 的拼写。第2题原句为一般现在时主动句，宾语 mobile apps 提前作主语，谓语变为 are used，by people 可省略，时态不可写成 was used。第3题 send out 属于动词+副词短语动词，名词宾语可放中间或后面，但代词宾语 it 必须放在 send 与 out 之间（send it out），写成 send out it 是典型错误。易错点：① 被动语态时态与原句不一致；② 过去分词写错（built/builed）；③ 代词宾语位置错误。