1选择题
Read the following passage and choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
For years, environmental protection has been described as "reduce, reuse and recycle", a phrase that many people can repeat without thinking about its order. The order is not accidental. "Reduce" comes first because the greenest product is the one that is never made: every item that is not produced saves water, energy and raw materials, and creates no pollution at all. "Reuse" comes second. A glass bottle that is cleaned and filled again uses far less energy than one that is melted down and remade. "Recycle", which many people treat as the main solution, comes last, because recycling itself consumes electricity and often produces waste water. Some companies, however, have begun to advertise their recycling programmes as the whole answer to environmental problems, encouraging customers to keep buying as long as they remember to sort their rubbish. Environmentalists warn that this attitude reverses the logic of the phrase and turns a method of dealing with waste into a reason for making more of it.
What is the main idea of the passage?
- A. Recycling programmes should be given up because they waste electricity.
- B. Glass bottles are more environmentally friendly than plastic ones.
- C. The order of "reduce, reuse and recycle" carries real meaning and should not be reversed.
- D. Companies are responsible for all the pollution caused by their products.
答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。文章第一句点题：环保口号 reduce, reuse and recycle 的顺序并非偶然，随后依次解释 reduce 为何排第一、reuse 排第二、recycle 为何排最后，末尾批评企业把回收当作继续生产的理由、颠倒了这一逻辑。全文核心是「三个词的顺序有实际含义，不能颠倒」。
易错点一（以偏概全）：A 只对应末段对 recycling 消耗电力、产生废水的局部说明，作者并未主张放弃回收，而是强调它应排在最后，属过度推断。
易错点二（细节当主旨）：B 只涉及 reuse 部分举的玻璃瓶例子，是以偏概全。
易错点三（无中生有）：D 把责任全部推给企业，文中只是说 some companies 的宣传有问题，并未讨论污染责任归属。
C 概括了顺序的含义与不可颠倒这一作者最终意图，既不宽也不窄。故选C。
2选择题
Read the passage below and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) for each blank.
Last term our school launched a "Green Campus" programme. At first, many students found it ______ (1) ______ to sort rubbish into four different bins every day. Some even thought the whole plan was a waste of time. However, with the continuous ______ (2) ______ of teachers and student volunteers, things began to change. Colourful posters were put up in the canteen, and a "zero-waste" week was held to raise students' ______ (3) ______ of environmental protection. By the end of the term, the amount of rubbish thrown away had been cut by nearly 30 percent, and the campus looked much ______ (4) ______ than before.
(1)
A. convenient
B. troublesome
C. familiar
D. valuable
(2)
A. effect
B. affect
C. effort
D. event
(3)
A. attention
B. awareness
C. agreement
D. achievement
(4)
A. greener
B. more polluted
C. dirtier
D. noisier
- A. convenient
- B. troublesome
- C. familiar
- D. valuable
答案：B
解析：本题为完形填空式语境辨析题，核心是“瞻前顾后”利用上下文线索。(1) 空后有 Some even thought the whole plan was a waste of time，说明学生觉得分类麻烦，故选 troublesome（令人麻烦的）；convenient（方便的）与语境相反，familiar、valuable 均无依据。注意此处用 -ous 形容事物“令人…”，与表示人“感到…”的 -ed 形容词要区分。(2) 考查 effort 与 effect 的词性词义辨析：with the continuous effort of… 中需要名词“努力”，effort 符合；effect 是名词“效果”，affect 是动词“影响”，event 是“事件”，均不成立。(3) raise students' awareness of… 是固定搭配“提高环保意识”，attention 需接 to，agreement、achievement 语义不符。(4) 由前文垃圾量下降 30% 可推知校园更“绿”，故选 greener，其他选项与语篇情感基调相反。易错点：脱离上下文只看单句、混淆 effort/effect、忽略转折词 However 与比较级 than before 的提示。故选B。
3填空题
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内所给词的正确形式。
Environmental protection begins with understanding two easily confused ideas: reduce and reuse. To reduce means to use fewer resources in the first place, so that less waste is produced. To reuse means to use an item again for the same or a different purpose instead of throwing it away. Many people believe that recycling is the most important step, but in fact it comes last in the phrase "reduce, reuse and recycle". It is important ___1___ (remember) that a product which is never produced creates no pollution at all. Therefore, environmentalists argue ___2___ we should think carefully before buying things we do not really need. Once a product exists, ___3___ (it) materials can often be used again. For example, glass bottles, ___4___ are cleaned properly, can be filled and used many times before they are finally recycled. It is clear that saving resources is ___5___ effective way to cut down on pollution.
答案：1. to remember 2. that 3. its 4. which/that 5. an
解析：本题把环保主题（reduce, reuse, recycle、pollution、waste）与语法考点结合，突出概念辨析：reduce 是源头减量，reuse 是再次使用，recycle 是末端处理，顺序不能颠倒。
第1空：It is important 后接不定式，It 是形式主语，真正主语是 to remember，故填 to remember。易错点：误填 remembering 或 remember。这正是本课强调的易错点之一。
第2空：argue 后接宾语从句，从句意义完整、不缺成分，用 that 引导。易错点：误填 which（which 引导宾语从句需在从句中作成分）。
第3空：修饰名词 materials 需用形容词性物主代词 its。易错点：误填 it's（it's = it is，是缩写，不作定语）。
第4空：非限制性定语从句，先行词 glass bottles 指物，从句缺主语，且前面有逗号，只能用 which，不能用 that。易错点：受定式思维误填 that。
第5空：way 为可数名词单数，effective 以元音音素 /ɪ/ 开头，用 an。易错点：只看字母 e 就用 a，或漏掉冠词。
4解答题
Read the passage below and complete the tasks that follow.
Green living is not just a slogan; it is a way of thinking. (1) ______ (recent), many schools have started "green weeks" to raise students' awareness of environmental protection. During the week, waste paper (2) ______ (collect) on the playground every afternoon, and old textbooks (3) ______ (pass) on to younger students instead of being thrown away. "We used to buy new notebooks every term," says Li Ming, "but now we (4) ______ (encourage) to reuse them."
(5) ______ (tradition), people believed that protecting the environment was the government's job. Today, however, most students hold the view that it is important to reduce waste in daily life. For example, it is important to save water, and we should turn off the tap while brushing our teeth. As one teacher puts it, "Small actions are being taken now, and they (6) ______ (make) a real difference in the future."
答案：(1) Recently (2) is collected (3) are passed (4) are encouraged (5) Traditionally (6) will make
解析：本题考查篇章逻辑下的词性转换与被动语态的时态选择，属 Unit 4 语篇连贯与 Unit 2/Unit 5 被动语态的综合辨析。
(1) 空格位于句首，修饰整个句子，需用副词 Recently，不能用形容词 Recent（易错：忽视句法功能，只看词义）。
(2) 主语 waste paper 是动作 collect 的承受者，且 every afternoon 表示习惯性动作，用一般现在时被动 is collected；易错点是误用 is being collected（现在进行时被动只表示说话时正在进行）。
(3) 主语 old textbooks 为复数，且与 pass on 为被动关系，用 are passed；易错：漏掉复数 be 动词。
(4) now 在语境中表示“现在（这一阶段）的普遍做法”，不是“此刻正在”，故用一般现在时被动 are encouraged；易错：误用 are being encouraged。
(5) 句首修饰整个句子，用副词 Traditionally（考点 1 的核心）。
(6) in the future 提示将来时，与 are being taken（现阶段）形成时间维度对比，填 will make。
综上：Recently; is collected; are passed; are encouraged; Traditionally; will make。
5解答题
书面表达。
假定你是李华，你校英文报正在开展主题为 "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle" 的征文活动。请根据以下要点写一篇短文，谈谈你对环保的认识并发出号召：
1. 环保的重要性（如减少污染 pollution、节约用水等）；
2. 你在校园或家庭中践行的两点具体做法；
3. 呼吁大家一起行动。
写作要求：
1. 词数 100 左右；
2. 请至少使用一次 "It is important to do sth." 结构，并至少使用一处高级句式（如倒装句 Only if... / 强调句 It is ... that ...）；
3. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
答案：One possible version:
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Environmental protection matters to everyone. It is important to reduce pollution and save water, for a clean planet is the foundation of a healthy life.
In my daily life, I try to put the "3R" rule into practice. At school, I sort waste paper and plastic bottles so that they can be recycled instead of being thrown away. At home, I reuse the water from washing vegetables to water the flowers, and I always turn off the tap while brushing my teeth.
Only if everyone takes small actions can our environment become better. Let's start now and make our earth greener!
解析：本题考查环保主题写作中基础句型与高级句式的恰当运用（考点 4），同时融合环保核心词汇（pollution, waste, recycle, green）与号召表达（It is important to do / We should）。
写作要点：
1. 结构完整：重要性 → 具体做法 → 号召，符合“提出观点—举例—呼吁”逻辑；
2. 必须出现 It is important to do sth.（易错：写成 It is important doing 或 It is important for doing）；
3. 高级句式至少一处，如 Only if everyone takes small actions can our environment become better.（部分倒装，助动词 can 提前）或 It is small actions that make a difference.（强调句）；
4. 词汇准确：pollution（双 l，易拼成 polution）、recycle、reduce、reuse 拼写正确。
易错点：① 只喊口号不给具体做法，内容空洞；② 高级句式生硬堆砌导致语法错误（如倒装句忘记把助动词提前）；③ 忽略基础句型准确性，时态、主谓一致出错。建议坚持“准确第一，自然升级”，在保证基础句正确的前提下使用倒装或强调句。
6解答题
Read the following short passage and answer the questions below.
Green living means making small but meaningful changes in our daily life. We must protect the environment so that future generations can enjoy clean air, clear water and rich wildlife. One widely accepted principle is "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle". First, we should reduce waste by buying only what we really need. Second, old glass bottles can be reused as flower pots instead of being thrown away. Third, paper, plastic and metal can be recycled and made into new products.
It is important to save water and electricity as well. For example, turning off the tap while brushing your teeth saves several litres of water every time. What's more, planting trees helps reduce air pollution, because trees take in harmful gases and release oxygen.
Some words in the passage describe things that cause harm to nature, while others describe things that are friendly to nature. Please tell the two opposite kinds of words apart and explain the difference between "reduce" and "recycle".
Questions:
(1) List two words or phrases from the passage that describe environmental harm, and two that describe environmental friendliness.
(2) Explain in English the difference between "reduce" and "recycle". (One or two sentences for each.)
(3) Rewrite the sentence "Trees which are planted by volunteers make our city greener" using a past participle as an attribute, and then make a new sentence of your own using the pattern "It's important to ..." to call on people to protect the environment.
答案：(1) Harmful to nature: waste (rubbish), (air) pollution. Friendly to nature: green living, recycled products / clean air, clear water (any two of each are acceptable).
(2) Reduce means using less of something so that less waste is produced in the first place. Recycle means collecting used things such as paper, plastic or glass and processing them so that they can be made into new products.
(3) Rewritten sentence: Trees planted by volunteers make our city greener. (The clause "which are planted by volunteers" is reduced to the past participle phrase "planted by volunteers", which is used as a post-positive attribute and shows a passive relationship with "trees".)
Sample sentence with "It's important to ...": It's important to save water and cut down on waste in our daily life. (Any reasonable sentence with the correct pattern is acceptable.)
解析：本题以环保语篇为载体，考查三个易混点：(1) 环保词汇的正反辨析——waste、pollution 表示危害，green、recycle 表示友好，注意 pollution 拼写（双 l，-tion 结尾），这是本考点明确提示的易错拼写。(2) reduce 与 recycle 的概念辨析：reduce 强调“从源头减量”，recycle 强调“回收再制成新品”，很多同学把两者混为一谈，答题时必须指出“用得少”与“再加工”的区别。(3) 过去分词作定语：Trees planted by volunteers 中 planted 与 trees 是被动关系，不能用 planting；同时 It's important 后必须接 to do（to save），不可写成 It's important saving / It's important save，这是本考点两大易错点之一。
7解答题
语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给词的适当形式或填入一个适当的词。
Reduce, reuse and recycle — these three words have guided environmental protection for decades. ______ (protect) the environment is everyone's responsibility, and many experts suggest ______ (start) with small daily actions. Since the city ______ (launch) its "Green Week" campaign last year, thousands of households ______ (change) the way they deal with waste. For example, plastic bottles that ______ (throw) away in the past are now collected and sent to factories to be recycled. Experts say that ______ (save) water and electricity matters just as much as cutting pollution. It is important for us ______ (learn) to sort rubbish properly, because ______ (do) so reduces pollution and saves resources. So far, the campaign ______ (prove) to be a great success, and more and more residents have joined it.
答案：1. Protecting 2. starting 3. launched 4. have changed 5. were thrown 6. saving 7. to learn 8. doing 9. has proved
解析：本题综合考查动名词作主语与作宾语、现在完成时以及一般过去时的被动语态。第1空位于句首作主语，应用动名词 Protecting，切勿受中文“保护环境是……”影响误用 To protect。第2空在 suggest 后作宾语，suggest doing 表示“建议做某事”，不能接 to start。第3空由 since 引导时间状语，since 后的从句用一般过去时 launched，主句用现在完成时 have changed，体现过去动作对现在的持续影响。第5空为定语从句中的谓语，throw 与 plastic bottles 是被动关系，且 in the past 提示过去时间，故用 were thrown。第6空作主语用 saving。第7空为 It is important for sb. to do sth. 固定结构，填 to learn。第8空在 because 引导的从句中作主语，用 doing。第9空由 So far 提示，用现在完成时 has proved。易错点：① It's important 后误接 doing；② suggest 后误接 to do；③ since 从句误用完成时；④ 拼写 pollution、recycle 等词出错。
8解答题
读后续写。阅读下面短文，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。词数150左右。
Liu Ming had always believed that one person could do little about pollution. Then one autumn morning, his teacher announced that their school would take part in a city-wide "Zero Waste Week". Each class had to cut down its rubbish to the smallest possible amount, and the results would be shown on a board at the school gate.
At first, Liu Ming was not interested. "It's just a game," he thought. But when he noticed the overflowing bins behind the classroom, he felt uneasy. A plastic bottle rolled to his foot. He picked it up, and suddenly an idea came to him: what if every bottle in the school could be reused?
Paragraph 1:
That afternoon, Liu Ming stood up in front of his classmates and explained his plan.
Paragraph 2:
By Friday, the board at the school gate showed an amazing change.
答案：参考范文：
Paragraph 1:
That afternoon, Liu Ming stood up in front of his classmates and explained his plan. He suggested setting up three boxes at the back of the classroom — one for paper, one for plastic and one for metal. "Reusing is easier than we think," he said, holding up the bottle he had found. "We can wash these bottles and use them as watering cans for the plants." His classmates exchanged doubtful looks at first, but soon they began to sort their own waste. By the end of the day, the bins were almost empty, and the three boxes were full.
Paragraph 2:
By Friday, the board at the school gate showed an amazing change. Their class had produced the least rubbish of the whole school — only one small bag in five days. When the headteacher read the result aloud, the students cheered, and Liu Ming felt a mixture of pride and relief. He realized that protecting the environment was not a job for someone else. "It's important to start with small things," he told his mother that evening, "and it's important to keep doing them."
解析：本题考查读后续写中动作链与情感描写的衔接，同时结合环保主题与本册重点句型。续写须遵循原文情节（Zero Waste Week、瓶子引发的想法）与语言风格，做到情节协同。第一段应构建清晰动作链：提出计划（suggested setting up）→ 说明理由（reuse）→ 同学反应（sorted）→ 结果（bins empty），动作有先后逻辑，不可跳脱。第二段应写结果与感悟，情感描写要具体，用 a mixture of pride and relief 等表达，避免只写 very happy。结尾可自然嵌入 It's important to do… 与 We should… 等号召句式，呼应环保主题。易错点：① 续写与原文脱节，另起炉灶写新的环保活动；② 情感空洞，缺乏细节支撑；③ 动作顺序混乱，如先写结果后写计划；④ 忽略两段开头语的提示，未与之衔接；⑤ 词数过少或情节单薄。