全国卷 高二 英语（上册）Science and scientists 科学专项练习

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Last term our science club was given a small laboratory and asked to run a simple experiment on water pollution. At first, none of us believed that a group of high school students could discover anything new. However, our teacher, Ms. Lin, kept telling us that science changes the world one small discovery at a time. We collected water samples from three places near our school: a river, a pond, and a well. After two weeks of careful tests, we found that the pond water contained far more harmful bacteria than we had expected. What surprised us most was not the number itself, but the fact that the pollution was spreading faster in summer than in winter. Ms. Lin praised our work and said, "It is your patience in doing the experiment again and again _______ has made this discovery possible." She also reminded us that a theory is only a guess until experiments prove it right. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word "discover" in the first paragraph?

Read the following sentence from a student's summary of a passage about scientific research. The original sentence reads: "Some scientists insist that the theory is too difficult for ordinary students to understand." The student wants to rewrite it in the passive voice while keeping the same meaning. Which of the following is the best rewrite? Choose the one that also uses a non-restrictive relative clause correctly.

Read the following passage about a school science club and answer the question. Last term, our school science club held three experiments. The first experiment, which was designed by Li Wei, started at 8:45 a.m. in Room 302, Building A, and lasted 40 minutes. The second one began half an hour after the first ended and took place in Room 501. The third experiment, _______ the students tested a new theory about gravity, was finally held at 11:20 a.m. If I _______ the leader of the club, I would arrange all the experiments in the morning so that everyone could attend. Which pair of words best completes the blanks in the passage?

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Should students be allowed to design their own science experiments? Some people say no. They argue that teenagers lack the knowledge to work safely in a laboratory. However, others believe that guided student experiments are valuable. First, doing an experiment helps students understand how a theory is tested in the real world. Second, when a discovery is made by students themselves, they remember the knowledge far longer. Of course, teachers should give clear rules and check every step. In short, with proper guidance, student experiments should be encouraged, because they turn passive learners into active thinkers. What is the structure of the passage?

根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，并根据构词法或上下文猜测加粗词的含义。 Science changes the world. In the past century, scientists have made many great (1) _______ (discover) that have changed our daily lives. For example, the (2) _______ (develop) of new technologies has made communication much faster. However, a discovery is not made overnight. It usually comes after years of hard work and careful (3) _______ (experiment). Last term, our class carried out a project on space exploration. At first, some students thought the task was (4) _______(possible), because we had neither a telescope nor any professional equipment. But our teacher told us, "What really matters is your (5) _______ (curious) and your patience." With her help, we finally finished the project and got a good result. In our class discussion, our teacher said, "The concept of a "space elevator" was once considered unrealistic, but now it seems increasingly feasible." From the context and the word formation, we can infer that "feasible" here means (6) _______ (use English or Chinese to explain the meaning). Note: Write one word for each blank (1)–(5), and write the meaning of "feasible" for (6).

根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空或改正文中错误，并按要求完成句子。 Last month our class visited a science museum. Many students, (1) _______ (inspire) by the stories of great scientists, decided to take part in the school science fair. One of the boys who (2) _______ (be) to the museum before said that the exhibition (3) _______ (become) more interesting than last year. Our teacher told us, "It is (4) _______ you do every day in the lab that (5) _______ (make) a real scientist." 【小题1】根据括号内所给词的适当形式，写出第(1)空的正确答案，并说明理由。 【小题2】第(2)空应填入什么形式？请说明主谓一致的判断依据。 【小题3】第(3)空应填入什么形式？请说明时态选择的依据。 【小题4】第(4)空应填入 that 还是 what？请结合名词性从句的句子成分分析作答。 【小题5】第(5)空应填入什么形式？请写出完整句子并指出这是什么句型。

Read the following short passage and answer the questions that follow. Our school science club has just finished a two-week experiment project. Twenty students were divided into four groups, and each group designed its own experiment. Group A spent 6 days testing how light affects the growth of bean plants; Group B spent 8 days testing how different amounts of water affect the same kind of plant; Group C spent 10 days testing how temperature affects the speed of a chemical reaction; Group D spent 12 days testing how sound affects the growth of small fish. At the end of the project, each group wrote a report and gave a short talk in class. Li Hua, the leader of Group C, said, "It was our teacher that encouraged us to try a difficult experiment. Although we failed twice, we finally got the right result." His words made many students think about the value of science. Questions: (1) How many days did the four groups spend on their experiments in total? (2) Which group spent the longest time on its experiment? How many days did it take? (3) Translate the underlined sentence "It was our teacher that encouraged us to try a difficult experiment." into Chinese, and point out the sentence structure used in it. (4) Rewrite the sentence "Our teacher encouraged us to try a difficult experiment." by using the emphatic structure to emphasize "our teacher".

Read the short passage below and complete the three tasks that follow. Science changes the world. Last year, a team of young researchers at our school carried out an experiment on water purification. They tested 20 samples of river water. At first, only 8 samples were clean enough to drink. After their new filter was used, 15 of the 20 samples reached the drinking standard. The discovery was reported in the school science journal last month. Task 1. Fill in each blank with the correct form of the word in brackets. (1) The experiment _______ (carry out) by a team of young researchers since last spring. (2) _______ (test) so many samples is the first step of a scientific study. (3) It was the new filter _______ made the water safe to drink. (4) It is no use _______ (argue) about the result before the data are checked. Task 2. Rewrite each sentence as required. (5) The scientist discovered the new element in 2023. (Use the emphatic structure "It is/was ... that ..." to emphasize the underlined part "the scientist".) (6) The theory which was put forward by the young biologist has been widely accepted. (Simplify the attributive clause by using a past participle.) Task 3. Answer the question in English with complete sentences. (7) How many more samples reached the drinking standard after the new filter was used? Show your calculation and explain what this change tells us about the value of scientific experiments. 注意：Task 1、Task 2 写出完整句子；Task 3 须写出计算过程并用英文作答。