全国卷 高三 英语（下册）长难句分析专项练习

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 When the city government announced last month that a new waste-burning power plant would be built on the edge of a residential district, the response from local residents was immediate and divided. Supporters argued that the plant, which uses the latest filtering technology, would cut the amount of rubbish sent to landfills by nearly 60 percent while producing enough electricity for about 30,000 households. Opponents, however, pointed out that no independent team had yet been asked to check the air-quality data collected by the company itself. What made the debate unusual was that both sides quoted the same 80-page environmental report. Residents who oppose the project focused on a single sentence near the end of the document: "It cannot be ruled out that long-term exposure to certain particles may increase health risks for children and the elderly." The company, by contrast, highlighted the report's opening line, which describes the technology as "mature and widely adopted in over 20 countries". Dr. Lena Wu, a public-health researcher who was not involved in the report, said that the dispute reflects a broader problem. "People tend to read only the part of a report that supports what they already believe," she said. "What we need is not another argument, but a third-party review whose results everyone agrees in advance to accept." Her suggestion is that an independent committee be set up before construction begins. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude toward the way the debate over the plant has been conducted?

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A city newspaper reported last week that a high-speed railway line, which was designed by a team of young engineers and which has been under construction for three years, opened to traffic on Monday, cutting the travel time between the two cities from six hours to two and a half hours. Which of the following best describes the main structure of the long sentence above? A. The main clause is "A city newspaper reported last week", and "that a high-speed railway line ... opened to traffic on Monday" is an object clause telling what was reported, while "which was designed ..." and "which has been under construction ..." are two non-restrictive attributive clauses modifying "a high-speed railway line", and "cutting ..." is a present participle phrase expressing the result. B. The main clause is "a high-speed railway line opened to traffic on Monday", and the rest of the sentence is a long subject placed at the beginning of the sentence. C. The main clause is "cutting the travel time between the two cities from six hours to two and a half hours", and all the other parts are adverbial clauses of time. D. The main clause is "A city newspaper reported last week", and "which was designed by a team of young engineers" is an adverbial clause of reason explaining why the railway opened.

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A recent survey, whose results were published on a news website on 12 May, shows that students who spend more than four hours a day on online courses often feel tired, because they have to sit in front of a screen for a long time without moving around. According to the sentence above, which of the following statements can be correctly inferred about the students mentioned? A. They feel tired mainly because online courses are too difficult for them to follow. B. They feel tired mainly because staying in front of a screen for a long time without moving makes them physically uncomfortable. C. They spend less than four hours a day on online courses, so they do not feel tired at all. D. They feel tired because the survey results were published on a news website.

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A recent news report from Beijing announced that the city's new AI traffic-control system, which was installed at over 300 busy intersections last month and processes real-time data collected from cameras and sensors, has cut the average rush-hour waiting time by 18 percent. On the one hand, local officials praise the system for reducing congestion and lowering vehicle emissions; on the other hand, some residents complain that the data it collects about drivers' daily routes may be misused. However, a university researcher who has studied urban mobility for a decade argues that, provided the government publishes clear rules on how long such data can be stored and who is allowed to access it, the benefits of the system will far outweigh its risks. Which of the following best describes how the writer organizes the second part of the paragraph?

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给词的适当形式，或根据上下文在空白处填入1个适当的词。 A 5G-enabled smart village project, ______ (launch) in a mountainous county of Guizhou last year, has drawn wide attention from news media. ______ (look) at the changes around her, a local teacher told reporters that the high-speed network, which allows students in the village to attend online classes given by teachers in the city, has changed the way they learn. She added that several students, ______ (encourage) by the new resources, had decided to apply for universities they had never thought of before. One student explained, "The online courses, ______ are broadcast live every evening, make it possible for us to hear from professors we would otherwise never meet." Researchers say the project is a case that shows how technology, when ______ (use) properly, can narrow the educational gap between cities and the countryside.

根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，或根据句意填入一个适当的词，使句子结构完整、句意通顺。 A city news website reported that the new cycling lanes along the river, which ______ (build) last year, have greatly changed the way local residents travel. "Work harder on green travel, ______ you will see a cleaner city," said one official, encouraging citizens to ride bicycles. In the report, a resident described her neighbour, a retired teacher, in these words: "He never raised his voice, even when others laughed at his old bicycle. He just smiled, locked the bike ______ (careful), and rode away." From these small actions, we can tell that he is a man of calm self-control rather than anger. (1) which ______ (build) last year (2) "Work harder on green travel, ______ you will see a cleaner city," (填一个词) (3) locked the bike ______ (careful) (4) 仿照例句改写：The cycling lanes which were built along the river have changed the way people travel. → The cycling lanes ______ along the river have changed the way people travel. (5) 用「祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句」句式翻译：每天坚持骑行，你就会拥有更健康的身体。

阅读下面的句子，按要求完成长难句分析。（注意：本题考查长难句分析，解题时请先找主干，再理从句，最后辨成分。） 句子：The research team, which had been collecting air-quality data from 42 cities for nearly three years, suggested that every factory in the industrial belt should submit its emission reports before the end of this month. (1) 请写出该句的主干（主句的主语、谓语和宾语部分）。 (2) 请指出句中由 which 引导的从句类型，并说明它修饰的先行词。 (3) 请指出 suggested 后面的 that 从句属于什么从句，并说明其中谓语 "should submit" 使用了什么语气，以及 should 是否可以省略。 (4) 将 which 引导的定语从句改写为过去分词短语，使句子更加简洁。

Read the following news report and answer the questions that follow. 【News Report】 A city transport bureau released a report last Friday, which shows that the proportion of residents choosing bicycles as their main mode of transport rose steadily from 20% in 2015 to 35% in 2020, while the figure for private cars fell gradually from 45% to 32% over the same period. Officials who are responsible for the city's green travel program said that the change, which they had not expected to happen so quickly, was largely due to the new cycling lanes that were built along the river last year. 长难句分析：请按「找谓语动词—找连词—切分从句」三步拆解下面这个长句，并回答问题。 Sentence: "Officials who are responsible for the city's green travel program said that the change, which they had not expected to happen so quickly, was largely due to the new cycling lanes that were built along the river last year." (1) 写出该句的主干（主语、谓语、宾语从句的核心主谓结构）。 (2) 该句中共有几个从句？分别指出每个从句的类型及其先行词或引导词。 (3) 用一句完整的英文概括该句句意。 (4) 根据新闻报道内容，用一句英文概括 2015—2020 年自行车出行比例的变化趋势（含时间范围与趋势特点）。