1选择题
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Our school robot club held a design competition last Friday. After the show, several things were left in the lab. Li Lei found a small blue notebook on the desk. "Whose notebook is this?" he asked. "It ______ be Wang Mei's. Look, her name is written on the first page," said our teacher. Then Li Lei picked up a black USB flash disk. "Is this yours, Zhang Hua?" "No, it ______ be mine. Mine is white," Zhang Hua answered. At that moment, someone saw a boy in a blue T-shirt running out of the lab. "It might belong to the boy who just left," Li Lei said. "He ______ be still in the building, because the gate guard saw no one go out in the last ten minutes. Let's find him and give the things back."
Which of the following can best fill in the first blank?
- A. must
- B. can't
- C. might
- D. could
答案:A
解析:本题考查情态动词表推测。第一空所在句给出了确切证据——本子第一页写着王梅的名字(her name is written on the first page),证据确凿,应用 must 表示肯定推测,意为“一定是”。can't 表否定推测“不可能”;might / could 表示把握不大的“可能”,语气不确定,与“名字写在本子上”这一铁证不符。易错点:一是脱离语境死记情态动词的中文意思,只看“Whose notebook is this”就乱猜;二是误以为证据越具体越该用 might,其实证据越强越用 must。故选A。
2选择题
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Our school has just opened a small robotics lab. This morning, Mr. Chen, the science teacher, found a blue notebook on the workbench. On the cover, there is a name: "Li Ming". The notebook is full of notes about how to build a small robot car, and the handwriting is the same as the handwriting on Li Ming's exercise books. "This notebook — it — belong to Li Ming," Mr. Chen said with a smile. However, Wang Tao came into the lab at noon and said the notebook was his. "I borrowed it from Li Ming last week," he explained. "So it — mine." Mr. Chen was not sure who the notebook really belonged to, but he was sure about one thing: it — belong to a student in Class Three, because only Class Three students are allowed to use the lab in the morning.
Which of the following best completes the three blanks in the passage?
- A. must; must be; can't
- B. might; must belong to; must
- C. must be; can't be; must
- D. can't be; might be; might
答案:C
解析:本题考查情态动词表推测的用法。第一空:笔记本封面上写着 Li Ming 的名字,笔迹也一致,证据充分,应填表示肯定推测的 must be(注意 belong to 后接人,不能说 must belong to Li Ming 这种与原文结构不符的形式,且第一空后已给出 belong to,需用 must be 构成 it must be 结构)。第二空:Wang Tao 说本子是自己从李明处借来的,Mr. Chen 对归属并不确定,但第三句说他"was not sure who the notebook really belonged to",说明第二空不能用 must,且后文又提到 Wang Tao 声称是自己的,故用 can't be 表示"不可能是"他自己的说法与证据矛盾,或按上下文用 might be 表不确定。综合三个空的语气递进与选项搭配,C 项 must be / can't be / must 最符合语境:第一空证据确凿用 must be;第二空 Wang Tao 的说法与李明的名字、笔迹矛盾,故 can't be his;第三空只有三班学生上午能进实验室,证据充分,用 must。易错点:① must 与 might 语气混淆,must 表肯定推测,might 表不确定;② belong to 后面必须接人,不能接物或用 be 结构混搭;③ 忽略上下文线索(如 only Class Three students)导致语气判断失误。故选C。
3选择题
Choose the best answer. Our school robot club just finished a design contest. Three students left their model rockets on the workbench after class. Read the clues below and answer the question.
Clue 1: The model rocket has a small paper name tag that says "L. Wang" on its side.
Clue 2: Li Ming is the only student named Wang in our robot club.
Whose model rocket is it?
- A. It must belong to Li Ming.
- B. It might belong to Li Ming.
- C. It can't belong to Li Ming.
- D. It mustn't belong to Li Ming.
答案:A
解析:本题考查情态动词表推测。题干给出的线索非常明确:火箭上贴着写有"L. Wang"的姓名标签,而机器人社团里姓 Wang 的学生只有李明一人,证据确凿,属于肯定推测,应使用 must(一定)。must belong to sb. 表示"一定属于某人",belong to 后面接人(宾格或名词),不能接物主代词或名词所有格,所以 A 项结构正确。B 项 might 表示"可能",语气不确定,与线索的确定性不符;C 项 can't 表示"不可能",是否定推测,与线索相反;D 项 mustn't 表示"禁止",是"不允许"的意思,并不表示推测,属于典型干扰项。易错点:一是混淆 must 与 might 的语气强弱;二是误以为 mustn't 是"一定不",实际上表否定推测要用 can't;三是 belong to 后误接 Li Ming's 这类所有格形式。故选A。
4选择题
Choose the best answer. Tom is looking for his science notebook in the makers' room. Read the information below and answer the question.
Information:
· The notebook on the desk has a blue cover, but Tom's notebook has a red cover.
· Tom remembers putting his notebook in his schoolbag.
What can we learn about the notebook on the desk?
- A. It must be Tom's.
- B. It could be Tom's.
- C. It can't be Tom's.
- D. It must be Tom.
答案:C
解析:本题考查情态动词表否定推测。线索表明桌上笔记本是蓝色封面,而 Tom 的笔记本是红色封面,两者明显不同,因此可以肯定这本笔记本不可能是 Tom 的,应使用 can't be(不可能是)。C 项 It can't be Tom's. 中 Tom's = Tom's notebook,是名词性物主代词/所有格作表语,符合"It must/might/can't be + 名词性物主代词"的句型,正确。A 项 must be Tom's 表示"一定是 Tom 的",与线索矛盾;B 项 could be Tom's 表示"可能是 Tom 的",语气不确定,但线索已足以作出否定判断,故排除;D 项 It must be Tom. 意为"一定是 Tom 本人",主语 it 指的是笔记本,不可能是人,属于语义错误。易错点:一是把 can't 与 mustn't 混淆,mustn't 表"禁止",不表推测;二是用 must be Tom 而漏掉所有格 's,导致句意变成"是 Tom 本人";三是看不出颜色差异这一决定性线索而误选 might/could。故选C。
5填空题
根据短文内容,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
Last month, a new 3D printer — (use) in our school workshop to help students make models for the science festival. Yesterday, Miss Liu found a strange plastic part on the table. "Someone — (make) this with our printer," she said. "The color is unusual, so it — (can, not) belong to the common plastic we usually buy." She looked at the printer screen and saw a new design file. "I think this design — (must, create) by Zhang Hua," she said, "because his name is on the file." In fact, Zhang Hua — (use) to be afraid of machines, but now he is one of the best young engineers in our school.
答案:1. is used(一般现在时被动语态:主语 a new 3D printer 是动作 use 的承受者,every month/last month 提示需注意时态,此处按学校常规情况用一般现在时被动 is used;若按 last month 也可接受 was used,标准答案以 is used 为主,说明该打印机现在仍在使用。)
2. must have made(对过去发生事情的肯定推测:must have + 过去分词。)
3. can't(情态动词表否定推测:can't belong to,不可能属于。)
4. must have been created(对过去事情的肯定推测 + 被动语态:must have been + 过去分词。)
5. used(used to do 表示"过去常常",与 now 形成对比。)
解析:本题综合考查一般现在时被动语态、情态动词表推测(must / can't)、must have done 对过去的推测以及 used to do 结构。
第1空:主语 a new 3D printer 是动作 use 的承受者,用被动语态 am/is/are + 过去分词;结合语境(打印机现在仍在使用),用 is used。易错点:直接写 used,漏掉 be 动词;be 动词与主语单复数不匹配。
第2空:"Someone must have made this" 表示对过去已发生事情的肯定推测,结构为 must have + 过去分词。易错点:误用 must make,忽略对过去的推测需用完成式。
第3空:颜色不常见,说明"不可能是"常用塑料,用 can't belong to 表否定推测。易错点:误用 mustn't(mustn't 表禁止,不表推测)。
第4空:设计"一定是被张华创建的",既表肯定推测又含被动,用 must have been created。易错点:漏掉 been,写成 must have created,导致主动被动判断错误。
第5空:used to do 表"过去常常",与后文 now 对比。易错点:混淆 used to do(过去常常)、be used to doing(习惯于)和 be used to do(被用来做),或在否定/疑问形式中漏掉 use 中的 d。
6填空题
根据短文内容,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
Our class is preparing for a science and technology festival. Yesterday afternoon, someone left a new 3D-printed model on the teacher's desk. Nobody knew who made it.
Wang Tao said, "Look at the small gear on the top. Lin Fang is good at making tiny parts, so it must ______ (be) hers." But Liu Mei disagreed. She said, "Many students in our class ______ (can) make small parts like this. It might ______ (belong to) Lin Fang, and it might belong to Zhou Kai, too."
Then Mr. Chen came in and read the words on the bottom of the model: "Made for the school festival, Class 3." He said, "It can't ______ (be) a model from Class 5, because Class 5 never writes 'Class 3' on their works."
In the end, Lin Fang came back to the classroom and took the model away. Everyone laughed and said, "It really ______ (belong to) her after all!"
答案:1. be
2. can
3. belong to
4. be
5. belongs to
解析:本题考查情态动词表推测与 belong to 的搭配。①must be 表示"一定是",情态动词 must 后接动词原形 be,不能写成 is / was;②can 在陈述句中表示"可能、能够",此处用原形 can,不能写成 could 或 cans;③might belong to,情态动词后接动词原形,belong to 后接人(Lin Fang),注意不能说 belong to hers;④can't be 表示"不可能是",否定推测;⑤主语 It 为第三人称单数,且此处是陈述事实(一般现在时),故用 belongs to。易错点:一是把 must be 写成 must is,忽略了情态动词后用原形;二是把 belong to 后接物主代词 hers / her's,正确应为 belong to + 人名或人称代词宾格(belong to her);三是最后一空受上下文过去时干扰写成 belonged to,但句中 after all 强调客观事实,且全句为一般现在时评价,应填 belongs to。
7解答题
根据语境,用括号内所给词的适当形式或合适的情态动词填空,使句子完整、正确。
(科技社团情境)The members of our school science club made a small solar-powered car last month. Now it is shown in the school library.
1. The car must ______ (keep) in a dry place, or the paper parts will get wet.
2. When Mr. Green walked past the lab yesterday afternoon, he saw two students ______ (test) the solar car on the desk.
3. Look at the scratches on the wheels. Someone ______ have driven it outdoors. (must / can't)
4. We can improve our design ______ learning from the engineers in the local factory. (用介词 by / with / in / on 填空)
5. ______ useful the new solar panel is! It works even on cloudy days. (用 What 或 How 填空)
答案:1. be kept。情态动词的被动语态结构为“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”。The car 是 keep 的承受者,故填 be kept。
2. testing。walked past 表示“经过的那一时刻”,强调当时正在做某事,用 see sb. doing sth.,填 testing。
3. must。车轮上有划痕(scratches on the wheels),有明确证据表明有人开到户外,是肯定推测,填 must。
4. by。“通过向工厂的工程师学习”表示方式,用 by + doing 结构,填 by。
5. How。句中中心词是形容词 useful,感叹句结构为 How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语,填 How。
解析:本题综合考查本单元及本册重点语法。
1. 考查情态动词的被动语态(must be + 过去分词)。易错:漏掉 be 直接写 must kept,或误写成 must being kept。
2. 考查感官动词 + 宾补。walked past 这一特定时刻强调动作正在进行,用 doing。易错:写成 to test 或 tested,混淆 see sb. do(全过程)与 see sb. doing(正在进行)。
3. 考查 must 表肯定推测。划痕是确凿证据。易错:误用 mustn't(表禁止,不表推测),或误用 can't(否定推测,与语境矛盾)。
4. 考查 by + doing 表方式。易错:混淆 by / with / in,或用 with 表示“用工具”而此处语义是“通过某种途径”,应选 by。
5. 考查感叹句。中心词 useful 是形容词,用 How 引导。易错:看到后面有名词 panel 就选 What,忽略感叹句中心词是形容词 useful,而非名词;How 后不加 a。
8解答题
Read the passage and answer the questions below.
Our school robot club held a design competition last Friday. When the teachers came to the lab the next morning, they found three model robots on the long table. Each robot had a name card, but the cards had fallen off, so nobody knew which robot belonged to which student.
Miss Wang looked at the blue robot carefully. "There is a small note on its back," she said. "It says 'Keep trying, never give up.' I remember that Li Lei always writes this sentence in his notebooks. This robot must belong to Li Lei."
Then she looked at the red robot. Its wheels were made of old bottle caps. "Zhang Mei likes recycling," Miss Wang said. "But Chen Hao also made a bottle-cap model last term. So this robot might belong to Zhang Mei, and it might belong to Chen Hao as well. I'm not sure."
The third robot was only ten centimeters tall and could not move at all. "We have learned that a competition robot has to be able to move," Miss Wang said with a smile. "This one can't belong to the competition group. It must be a model that someone left here for the show."
Questions:
1. Why did Miss Wang think the blue robot belonged to Li Lei?
2. Why could Miss Wang not be sure about the owner of the red robot?
3. Translate the following sentences into Chinese: "This robot must belong to Li Lei." and "This one can't belong to the competition group."
4. According to the passage, what does a competition robot have to be able to do?
答案:1. Because there was a note on the back of the blue robot saying "Keep trying, never give up," and Li Lei always writes this sentence in his notebooks.
2. Because both Zhang Mei and Chen Hao had made models out of bottle caps before, so the red robot could belong to either of them.
3. "This robot must belong to Li Lei." 意为"这个机器人一定是李雷的"(must 表示肯定推测,语气很肯定);"This one can't belong to the competition group." 意为"这个不可能是参赛组的"(can't 表示否定推测,意为"不可能")。
4. A competition robot has to be able to move.
解析:本题考查情态动词表推测(must / might / can't)以及 belong to 的用法。第1题定位第一处推测:must belong to 后接人,语气肯定,理由是笔记上的句子;第2题注意 might 表示不确定推测,说明存在两个可能的主人;第3题是 must belong to 与 can't belong to 的直接翻译,注意 belong to 后面接人或名词,不能接物主代词(不能说 belong to his);第4题细节定位在最后一段。易错点:①把 must 译成"可能"或把 might 译成"一定",混淆语气强弱;②把 belong to 误写成 belong to Li Lei's / belong to his,belong to 后只能接人或名词,不能接名词所有格或物主代词;③第4题漏掉 has to be able to 中的 be able to,答成 only "move" 不完整。