1选择题
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Our school running club has been trying to protect the environment while keeping fit. Since last September, the club members have collected over 300 plastic bottles from the playground and the nearby river bank after every morning run. "We are supposed to leave the sports ground cleaner than we found it," said Li Ming, the club leader. He added that the club has been using reusable water bottles for two years, so members no longer buy bottled water before exercise.
Which of the following statements about the club is TRUE according to the passage?
- A. The club has collected about 300 plastic bottles since last September.
- B. The club members are supposed to run on the river bank every morning.
- C. The club started to use reusable water bottles two years ago.
- D. The club members buy bottled water before they take exercise.
答案：A
解析：本题考查现在完成时（have collected / has been using）与 be supposed to do 的辨析及细节理解。B 项曲解了 be supposed to 的含义，原句意为“我们应当让运动场地比我们来时更干净”，并非“必须在河岸跑步”；C 项偷换概念，原文是 has been using（两年来一直在用），并非“两年前才开始用”；D 项与原文 no longer buy bottled water 相反。A 项 over 300 与 about 300 对应，since last September 与现在完成时对应，符合文意。易错点：一是把 be supposed to do 误解为被动语态“被期望/被迫”；二是忽略 has been doing 表示“从过去持续到现在”，误判为一般过去时。故选A。
2选择题
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Our school running club has been trying to protect the environment while keeping fit. For the past three years, the members have been running along the river every Saturday morning to pick up plastic bottles. By the time the city started its "Green River" project last month, the club had already collected over 2,000 bottles. "We prefer running in the open air to exercising in a gym," said the team leader, Li Ming. "We would rather reuse our old sports bottles than buy new ones." The club members also say that the wet ground this week has not stopped them, because they have been preparing for the city marathon for two months and don't want to give up.
Which of the following sentences uses the underlined structures correctly according to the passage?
- A. By the time the club collected 2,000 bottles, the city had started the project.
- B. By the time the city started the project, the club had already collected over 2,000 bottles.
- C. The club prefers running in the open air than exercising in a gym.
- D. The members would rather reusing old bottles than buy new ones.
答案：B
解析：本题考查三个易混点：① by the time 引导时间状语从句时，主句常用过去完成时（had + 过去分词），从句用一般过去时，表示"到……时为止，主句动作已完成"。原文是"到城市上个月启动项目时，俱乐部已经收集了2000多个瓶子"，B 项语序与时态完全正确。A 项把两个动作的先后顺序弄反了（收集2000个瓶子发生在启动项目之前，而不是之后），逻辑错误。② prefer 的固定搭配：prefer doing A to doing B（to 是介词，后接动名词），不能说 prefer...than...，故 C 项错误。③ would rather do A than do B，两个动词都用原形，D 项 would rather reusing 形式错误，应为 would rather reuse。易错点：学生常把 prefer...to... 和 prefer...rather than... 混淆，或在 to 后误接动词原形；对 by the time 主从句的时态先后关系判断不清。故选B。
3选择题
根据短文内容，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Last Friday, our class held a "Green Sports Day". At first, many students felt ________ about the new rule of bringing their own water bottles, because they thought it was troublesome. However, when the teachers explained that disposable cups pollute the rivers, everyone became interested and joined in. What was most ________ was that even the students who disliked running took part in the bottle-collecting race.
Which pair of words best fills in the two blanks?
- A. disappointed; embarrassing
- B. disappointing; embarrassed
- C. nervous; exciting
- D. boring; interested
答案：A
解析：本题考查情感形容词 -ed/-ing 的辨析。第一空：主语是人（many students），描述人的感受，应用 -ed 形容词；结合后文"他们觉得麻烦"，可推知学生一开始感到失望/不满，disappointed（感到失望的）符合语境。第二空："What was most ________ was that..." 中主语是 that 引导的事情（连不爱跑步的学生都参加了），描述事物的特征，应用 -ing 形容词；embarrassing（令人尴尬的/令人意外的，此处表示"令人意想不到"）修饰事物，符合语法。A 项两个词形式与修饰对象均正确。B 项刚好把两空颠倒：disappointing 修饰事物、embarrassed 修饰人，与本题两空的主语不匹配。C 项 nervous 虽修饰人，但第二空 exciting 与后文语意不通。D 项 boring 修饰事物不修饰人，interested 表"感兴趣的"与语意不符。易错点：死记中文意思，不区分 -ed（人的感受）和 -ing（事物的特征）；忽略形容词在系动词后作表语的功能。故选A。
4填空题
根据短文内容和括号内所给词的提示，用其适当形式填空，使短文完整、正确。
Our school running club is trying to protect the environment while keeping fit. Every morning, twenty members run along the river near our school. Last month, the club (1) ________ (collect) over 300 plastic bottles during the morning runs, and all of them (2) ________ (send) to the recycling center the next day. By the time the city held its sports meeting last Friday, the club (3) ________ (already, work) on its “Green Run” project for half a year. The runners believe that everyone (4) ________ (should) take action to reduce pollution, and they also think the river area (5) ________ (must) be kept clean for people who exercise there every day.
答案：1. collected 2. were sent 3. had already been working / had already worked 4. should 5. must
解析：本题把情态动词、被动语态、过去完成时与定语从句/环保词汇综合在体育运动与健康生活情境中，考查概念辨析。
1) last month 是过去时间，动词用一般过去时 collected，不要写成 has collected。
2) 主语 all of them（指瓶子）是动作 send 的承受者，且时间是 the next day（过去），故用一般过去时被动：were sent。易错点是漏掉 be 动词或主谓不一致（复数用 were 而非 was）。
3) By the time + 过去时 是过去完成时的标志，表示“过去的过去”，故用 had already worked（也可用 had already been working 强调持续）。易错点：误用一般过去时 worked；不规则动词 work 无变化，但 begin/begin-began-begun 类词需注意过去分词。
4) 此处表示道义上的建议与责任，用 should + 动词原形 take，不能用 must（语气过强）或 could（表推测/委婉）。
5) 此处表示有把握的推测“一定/必须保持干净”，主语 the river area 是 keep 的承受者，故 must be kept。易错点：must 表推测的否定应为 can't 而非 mustn't；被动结构中漏写 be。
另：pollution 拼写为 p-o-l-l-u-t-i-o-n，易漏写一个 l；定语从句先行词 people 是人，关系词用 who，在从句中作主语。
5解答题
阅读下面短文，按要求完成后面的题目。
Many students think that exercise and environmental protection have nothing to do with each other. In fact, the sports field is one of the best places to learn how to protect the earth. Last term, our P.E. teacher, Mr. Chen, started a “Green Sports Week”. During the week, all the plastic bottles that students brought to the playground were collected and sent to a factory, where they were recycled into sports clothes. What’s more, the students were told that they should not leave rubbish on the grass after running.
Tom, a student from Class 3, said, “By the time the week ended, our class had already collected more than 500 bottles. I used to think saving the earth was too difficult for a middle school student, but now I believe small actions can make a big difference.”
Now, more and more students take part in outdoor sports with cloth bags instead of plastic ones. The teachers say that the young people who care about the environment today will make the world better tomorrow.
(1) 从短文中找出与下列表达意思相近的句子并抄写在横线上：Students were asked to pick up their rubbish after running on the grass.
(2) 回答问题：What were the plastic bottles recycled into?
(3) 回答问题：How many bottles had Tom’s class collected by the time the week ended?
(4) 将短文中画线句子“The students were told that they should not leave rubbish on the grass after running.”译成汉语。
(5) 书面表达：请以“Small actions, big difference”为题，用英语写一段 5–7 句的短文，谈谈你在体育运动或日常生活中为保护环境所做的具体行动（至少两条），并说明理由。注意：文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。
答案：(1) the students were told that they should not leave rubbish on the grass after running
(2) They were recycled into sports clothes. / They were recycled into clothes for sports.
(3) More than 500 bottles. / Over 500 bottles.
(4) 学生们被告知，跑步后不应该把垃圾留在草地上。（要点：“被告知”对应 were told 的被动；“should not”译为“不应该”）
(5) One possible version:
Small actions, big difference
I believe small actions can make a big difference to the environment. First, I always take a cloth bag with me when I go running or shopping, so I don’t need to use plastic bags. Second, I collect the plastic bottles my classmates drink from on the playground and send them to the recycling box every Friday. In addition, I turn off the lights when I leave the gym. These actions are easy, but they help reduce pollution and save resources. If everyone starts with small things, our earth will become cleaner and healthier.
解析：本题以体育运动与健康生活为情境，综合考查被动语态、情态动词表建议、过去完成时、定语从句与环保词汇，突出概念辨析。
(1) 近义句对应原文的被动结构 were told（= were asked），易错点：抄写时漏掉被动或改动情态动词 should not（不能改成 mustn't，mustn't 表“禁止”，语气不同）。
(2) 关键信息是被动语态 were recycled into，答句主语用 they 指代 bottles；易错点：误答成“plastic bottles”而非“sports clothes”。
(3) 时间状语 by the time the week ended 对应过去完成时 had already collected，答案为 more than 500 bottles；易错点：用一般过去时 collected，或漏掉数字 more than/over。
(4) 翻译要点：be told 译为“被告知”（被动概念），should not 译为“不应该”（建议/责任，不等于“禁止”）。易错点：把 should not 译成“禁止”或漏译被动。
(5) 写作要包含：① 至少两条具体行动（如用布袋、回收瓶子、关灯）；② 说明理由（reduce pollution, save resources, protect the environment）；③ 句式可灵活运用 be doing（We’re trying to…）、should + 动词原形。易错点：中式英语（如 write “do exercise is good for environment”），应改为 “Taking exercise is good for the environment.”；注意 pollution 拼写与定语从句 who care about the environment 中 who 指人作主语。
6解答题
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Green Steps in Our School
Our school started a "Green Steps" project this term. Every class now has two recycling boxes: one for paper and one for plastic bottles. Students are trying to reduce pollution around the campus, and the change is easy to see. Last month, the school collected 120 kilograms of waste paper and 60 plastic bottles.
However, some students still drop litter on the playground. Our head teacher says, "Protecting the environment is not a one-day job. Everyone should play a part in it." Therefore, the school will plant 50 small trees along the running track next spring, and it is going to set up a "green monitor" in each class. If we keep trying, our school will become cleaner and greener.
Questions:
1. What did the school start this term?
2. How many kilograms of waste paper did the school collect last month?
3. What will the school do next spring?
4. What is the main idea of the passage?
请用英语作答，每题答案不超过15个词。
答案：1. Our school started a "Green Steps" project this term.
2. The school collected 120 kilograms of waste paper last month.
3. The school will plant 50 small trees along the running track next spring.
4. The passage mainly suggests that everyone should play a part in protecting the environment.
解析：本题考查环保类说明文的阅读与关键信息提取。第1题定位首句 Our school started a "Green Steps" project this term，直接抄写即可；第2题为数据信息，注意单位 kilograms，不要把 60 bottles 混入；第3题考查将来时信息提取，原文用 will plant 50 small trees along the running track next spring，注意不要写成 is going to set up 那一句；第4题考主旨，首段讲行动、尾段用 head teacher 的话点明 Everyone should play a part in it，属于总分总结构，故主旨是呼吁人人参与环保。易错点：一是被 120 kilograms、50 trees 等细节带偏，误把细节当主旨；二是忽略标题与首尾段的总结性语句；三是把 will plant 与 is going to set up 两个将来计划混为一谈，或答语过长超过15词。
7解答题
根据括号内所给词的适当形式或所给提示完成句子，使句意通顺、语法正确。
1. Look! The students ________ (collect) waste paper in the playground now.
2. Loud noise ________ (make) me feel nervous, but soft music makes me relaxed.（用 make 的正确形式填空）
3. We should ________ (recycle) plastic bottles instead of throwing them away.
4. There is a lot of ________ (pollute) in the river, so we are trying to clean it up.（用所给词的适当形式填空）
5. Look at the dark clouds. It ________ (rain) soon.（用 be going to 或 will 的适当形式填空）
请用英文填写完整句子。
答案：1. are collecting
2. makes
3. recycle
4. pollution
5. is going to rain
解析：本题围绕环保情境综合考查现在进行时、使役动词 make、情态动词 should、词形变化与一般将来时辨析。第1题由 Look! 可知用现在进行时 be doing，主语 The students 为复数，故填 are collecting，易错点是漏写 be，只写 collecting。第2题主语 Loud noise 是第三人称单数，动词用 makes；后半句 make me feel 为 make sb. do sth. 结构，注意 feel 前不加 to。第3题 should 后接动词原形，故填 recycle，不要写成 recycling 或 to recycle。第4题 a lot of 后需接名词，pollution 为不可数名词，拼写为 pollution，注意双写 l 与 -tion 结尾，不要误写成 pollute 或 pollution 的漏写形式。第5题由 Look at the dark clouds 这一现有迹象做出近期预测，应用 be going to 结构，主语 It 用 is，故填 is going to rain；若无迹象提示的临时决定才用 will，此处不可用 will rain。
8解答题
根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，并按要求改写句子。
Green Sports Week (1) ________ (hold) in our school every May. Since 2021, students (2) ________ (collect) old sports shoes and sent them to a recycling factory. "We are trying (3) ________ (reduce) pollution caused by waste," Mr. Wang told the reporter. He also gave us some advice. He said we (4) ________ (be) supposed to reuse our water bottles instead of throwing them away.
(5) 将文中画线部分 "He said we are supposed to reuse our water bottles instead of throwing them away." 改为直接引语，并保持句意不变。（要求：写出完整的直接引语句子）
答案：(1) is held (2) have collected (3) to reduce (4) are
(5) He said, "We are supposed to reuse our water bottles instead of throwing them away."
补充说明：(2) 中 since 2021 是现在完成时的标志，主语 students 为复数，用 have collected；(3) be trying to do sth. 表示“努力做某事”，用动词不定式 to reduce；(4) be supposed to do 中 be 动词随主语 we 用 are，且该处陈述的是普遍规则，用一般现在时。
解析：本题综合考查现在完成时与 for/since 连用、be supposed to do、以及现在进行时表“正在努力”。(1) 主语 Green Sports Week 与 hold 是被动关系，且 every May 表示经常性动作，用一般现在时被动 is held；易错写成 was held 或 is holding。(2) since 2021 后接过去时间点，主句必须用现在完成时 have collected，易错写成 collected 或 have been collected（collect 是短暂动作，此处不需用进行体）。(3) be trying to do 是固定搭配，易错写成 trying doing 或 trying reduce。(4) be supposed to 后接动词原形，be 动词随主语变化，易错写成 is supposed 或 are supposed to do 时误加 to doing。(5) 变直接引语时需注意：人称 we 不变（说话人原话），标点用逗号加引号，句首大写；易错点是把引号内时态改动或忘记句号放在引号内。