1阅读理解题
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The concept of a "circular economy" is gaining traction worldwide, especially in the tech industry. Unlike the traditional "take-make-dispose" linear model, a circular economy aims to eliminate waste by designing products for durability, reuse, and recycling. Major tech companies are now embracing this philosophy, not just for environmental reasons, but also for economic benefits.
One key strategy is designing modular devices. Imagine a smartphone where the battery, camera, and screen can be easily replaced or upgraded by the user, rather than discarding the entire phone when one component fails or becomes outdated. This approach extends the product's lifespan significantly. Another strategy involves using recycled materials. For instance, some manufacturers now use recycled aluminum and rare earth elements recovered from old electronics in their new products, reducing the need for virgin resource extraction.
However, challenges remain. Consumer behavior is a major hurdle; many people still prefer the latest models and are reluctant to repair old devices. Furthermore, establishing efficient collection and recycling systems for e-waste is complex and costly. Despite these obstacles, the shift towards a circular economy in tech represents a crucial step towards sustainable development, transforming how we produce, use, and think about our gadgets.
1. What is the primary goal of a circular economy in the tech industry?
- A. To increase the sales of new products.
- B. To completely eliminate waste from production and consumption.
- C. To make products more expensive and exclusive.
- D. To focus solely on the recycling of plastic components.
答案：B
解析：本题考查对文章主旨大意的理解。文章第一段明确指出“a circular economy aims to eliminate waste by designing products for durability, reuse, and recycling”，这与选项B“完全消除生产和消费中的浪费”意思一致。选项A、C、D均与文章主旨不符或过于片面。易错点在于可能被选项D中的“recycling”干扰，但循环经济的目标远不止于塑料回收。
2阅读理解题
（接上文）
2. According to the passage, what is one economic benefit of adopting a circular economy for tech companies?
- A. It reduces the need for expensive marketing campaigns.
- B. It helps in saving costs by reusing materials and components.
- C. It guarantees a monopoly in the global market.
- D. It allows companies to charge higher prices for all products.
答案：B
解析：本题考查对文章细节信息的定位与理解。文章第一段末尾提到“not just for environmental reasons, but also for economic benefits”，第二段具体阐述了通过模块化设计和使用回收材料来延长产品寿命、减少对原始资源开采的需求，这直接带来了成本节约。选项B与此相符。选项A、C、D在文中均未提及，属于无中生有。
3阅读理解题
（接上文）
3. What does the author imply about consumer behavior in the context of the circular economy?
- A. Consumers are always eager to repair their old devices.
- B. Consumer preference for new models is a significant obstacle.
- C. Most consumers are well-informed about e-waste recycling.
- D. Consumer behavior has no impact on the success of the circular economy.
答案：B
解析：本题考查对作者隐含观点的推断。文章第三段明确指出“Consumer behavior is a major hurdle; many people still prefer the latest models and are reluctant to repair old devices.”，这直接说明了消费者对新产品的偏好是一个重大障碍。选项B准确概括了这一观点。选项A与文意相反；选项C和D在文中没有依据。
4语言运用题
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The discovery of penicillin is often told as a story of serendipity. In 1928, Alexander Fleming returned to his laboratory after a vacation to find that a mold had ___4___ on a staphylococcus culture plate. He noticed that the bacteria surrounding the mold had been ___5___. This chance observation ___6___ the beginning of the antibiotic era.
However, turning this discovery into a usable medicine was a monumental task. It was not until the early 1940s that Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain successfully ___7___ penicillin for mass production. Their work, often conducted under the pressure of World War II, ___8___ countless lives on the battlefield and in hospitals. The story reminds us that while a lucky break can start a revolution, it is relentless ___9___ and effort that bring its benefits to the world.
4.
- A. grown
- B. fallen
- C. landed
- D. appeared
答案：A
解析：本题考查动词在具体语境中的辨析。此处描述霉菌在培养皿上“生长”出来，用“grown”最准确，符合生物学常识。选项B“落下”、C“着陆”、D“出现”均不如“grown”贴切。易错点在于可能选择D，但“appeared”过于笼统，没有体现生物生长的过程。
5语言运用题
（接上文）
5.
- A. strengthened
- B. destroyed
- C. multiplied
- D. surrounded
答案：B
解析：本题考查动词在上下文逻辑中的选择。根据常识和上下文，霉菌周围的细菌应该是被“杀死”或“破坏”了，这才引起了弗莱明的注意。选项B“destroyed”符合此意。选项A“加强”、C“繁殖”、D“包围”均与发现抗生素的逻辑不符。
6语言运用题
（接上文）
6.
- A. marked
- B. delayed
- C. questioned
- D. ignored
答案：A
解析：本题考查动词与名词的搭配及语义。短语“marked the beginning of...”意为“标志着……的开始”，是固定搭配，且符合历史事实。选项B“延迟”、C“质疑”、D“忽略”均不符合上下文语义。
7语言运用题
（接上文）
7.
- A. purified
- B. identified
- C. described
- D. tested
答案：A
解析：本题考查动词在科技史语境中的准确使用。将青霉素从霉菌培养物中提取出来并用于大规模生产，关键步骤是“提纯”。选项A“purified”准确描述了这一化学过程。选项B“识别”、C“描述”、D“测试”均不是实现大规模生产的核心步骤。
8语言运用题
（接上文）
8.
- A. cost
- B. saved
- C. risked
- D. recorded
答案：B
解析：本题考查动词在积极语境中的选择。青霉素作为抗生素，其作用是拯救生命。选项B“saved”与“countless lives”搭配，表达了积极正面的意义。选项A“使丧失”、C“冒……的风险”、D“记录”均与青霉素的功绩不符。
9语言运用题
（接上文）
9.
- A. luck
- B. research
- C. imagination
- D. criticism
答案：B
解析：本题考查名词在总结句中的逻辑对应。前文提到“a lucky break can start a revolution”，转折词“but”后应强调与“运气”相对的、更为重要的因素，即“不懈的研究和努力”。选项B“research”与“effort”并列，符合科学发现的历程。选项A“运气”与转折逻辑矛盾；选项C“想象力”和D“批评”并非此处强调的重点。
10语言运用题
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Great Wall of China, one of the world's most iconic structures, stretches over 21,000 kilometers. Its construction began over 2,000 years ago and ___10___ (continue) in various dynasties. The wall was originally built ___11___ (protect) the Chinese states and empires against raids and invasions. ___12___ (it) construction involved millions of workers, including soldiers, peasants, and prisoners. Today, the Great Wall is not only a UNESCO World Heritage site but also a powerful symbol of Chinese ___13___ (strong) and perseverance, attracting millions of visitors from around the globe each year.
答案：10. has continued
11. to protect
12. Its
13. strength
解析：本题综合考查动词时态、非谓语动词、代词所有格和词性转换。
10. 考查现在完成时。由时间状语“over 2,000 years ago”和“in various dynasties”以及语境可知，长城的修建从过去开始并持续影响到现在，甚至未来，故用现在完成时“has continued”。
11. 考查不定式作目的状语。修建长城的目的是“为了保护”，故用“to protect”。
12. 考查形容词性物主代词。此处需要修饰名词“construction”，表示“它的建造”，故用“Its”。
13. 考查词性转换。介词“of”后应接名词，构成“symbol of...”，故将形容词“strong”转换为名词“strength”。
易错点：第10题可能误用一般过去时“continued”，忽略其持续至今的影响；第13题可能误用“strongly”（副词）。
11语言运用题
（接上文）
14. The Great Wall is considered a ___14___ (globe) landmark.
答案：global
解析：本题考查词性转换。此处需要形容词来修饰名词“landmark”，表示“全球性的地标”。故将名词“globe”转换为形容词“global”。易错点在于可能误用名词形式。
12语言运用题
（接上文）
15. Many sections of the wall are now in need of ___15___ (preserve).
答案：preservation
解析：本题考查词性转换。介词“of”后应接名词，构成“in need of...”的固定搭配。故将动词“preserve”转换为名词“preservation”，意为“保护”。易错点在于可能误用动名词“preserving”，虽然语法上可接受，但“preservation”更正式、更符合语境。