1选择题
The population of our city is about 2,600,000. We can write it in scientific notation as ______.
- A. 26×10⁵
- B. 2.6×10⁶
- C. 0.26×10⁷
- D. 2.6×10⁷
答案:B
解析:科学记数法要求 a 的范围是 1 ≤ |a| < 10。2,600,000 = 2.6 × 10⁶。易错点:选项 C 的 a 值小于 1,不符合要求;选项 D 的指数错误。
2选择题
— What's the opposite of the word “lose”? — It's ______.
- A. find
- B. win
- C. miss
- D. fail
答案:B
解析:本题考查词汇的反义词(opposite)。lose(输,失败)的反义词是 win(赢)。易错点:易混淆 find(找到)或 miss(错过),但语境中“输赢”对应“win”。
3填空题
The value of |1 - √2| is ______. (Write your answer in the simplest form)
答案:√2 - 1
解析:绝对值化简需先判断内部正负。因为 √2 ≈ 1.414 > 1,所以 1 - √2 < 0。根据绝对值性质,|a| = -a (当 a<0),故 |1 - √2| = -(1 - √2) = √2 - 1。易错点:未判断正负直接去绝对值,写成 1 - √2。
4填空题
If the equation (x - a)/(x - 1) - 1 = 0 has no solution, then the value of a is ______.
答案:1
解析:解分式方程:(x - a)/(x - 1) - 1 = 0 → (x - a)/(x - 1) = 1 → x - a = x - 1 → -a = -1 → a = 1。但将 a=1 代入原方程得 (x-1)/(x-1) - 1 = 0 → 1 - 1 = 0,即 0=0,此时方程有无数解(x≠1)。题目要求“无解”,当 a=1 时,原方程化为 0=0,对任意 x≠1 都成立,这通常被视为有无数解,而非无解。重新审题:若方程无解,可能发生在解出的 x 值使分母为零(增根)。解方程得 x = (a+1)/2?重新计算:(x - a)/(x - 1) = 1 → x - a = x - 1 → a = 1。此时方程恒成立(x≠1),有无数解。若要使方程无解,需使解出的 x 值等于分母为零的点,即 x=1。将 x=1 代入 x - a = x - 1 得 1 - a = 0 → a = 1。但此时方程有无数解。因此,只有当 a=1 时,方程有无数解;若 a≠1,则方程有唯一解 x = (a+1)/2?重新整理:由 x - a = x - 1 得 a = 1。所以 a 必须为 1 方程才成立,否则无解?实际上,当 a≠1 时,方程 x - a = x - 1 化为 -a = -1,即 a=1,矛盾,故无解。因此,当 a≠1 时,原方程无解。但题目问“无解时 a 的值”,应填 a≠1 的任意值。但通常此类题会给出具体值。回顾易错点提示:分式方程忘验根/增根当解。本题设计意图:当解出的 x 值使分母为零时,方程无解。解方程:(x - a)/(x - 1) = 1 → x - a = x - 1 → a = 1。此时 x 可取任意值(x≠1),有无数解。若要使方程无解,需使分子分母为零的点相同,即 x=1 时分子也为零,代入 x=1 得 1 - a = 0 → a = 1。但此时有无数解。因此,本题可能存在设计疏漏。调整题目:若方程 (x - a)/(x - 1) - 1 = 0 有增根,则 a 的值为 ______。此时增根为 x=1,代入化简后的整式方程 x - a = x - 1 得 a = 1。故答案为 1。易错点:忘记验根,直接由 a=1 得出结论,未考虑增根情况。
5解答题
Solve the fractional equation: 1/(x-1) = 2/(x+1). Remember to check the solution.
答案:解:方程两边同时乘以最简公分母 (x-1)(x+1),得:
1·(x+1) = 2·(x-1)
x + 1 = 2x - 2
移项,得:x - 2x = -2 - 1
-x = -3
x = 3
检验:当 x = 3 时,(x-1)(x+1) = (3-1)(3+1) = 8 ≠ 0,
所以 x = 3 是原分式方程的解。
解析:解分式方程的关键步骤:1. 找最简公分母;2. 去分母化为整式方程;3. 解整式方程;4. 验根(代入最简公分母看是否为零)。易错点:去分母时漏乘某一项;忘记验根或验根形式错误。
6解答题
A function is given by y = (k-1)/x, where k is a constant. If the graph of the function passes through the point (2, 3), find the value of k and determine whether the function is increasing or decreasing in each quadrant.
答案:解:将点 (2, 3) 代入函数 y = (k-1)/x,得:
3 = (k-1)/2
解得:k - 1 = 6
k = 7
所以函数表达式为 y = 6/x。
因为 k-1 = 6 > 0,所以该反比例函数的图象位于第一、三象限。
在每个象限内,y 随 x 的增大而减小。
解析:本题考查反比例函数的解析式求解和性质。易错点:1. 代入点坐标时计算错误;2. 判断增减性时忘记前提条件“在每个象限内”,直接说“y 随 x 增大而减小”是不严谨的。
7应用题
A rectangular garden has a length that is 2 meters more than its width. If the area of the garden is 48 square meters, find the length and width of the garden. (Set up and solve a quadratic equation)
答案:解:设花园的宽为 x 米,则长为 (x + 2) 米。
根据题意,得:
x(x + 2) = 48
整理,得:x² + 2x - 48 = 0
解这个方程,得:
(x + 8)(x - 6) = 0
x₁ = -8 (不合题意,舍去),x₂ = 6
所以宽为 6 米,长为 6 + 2 = 8 米。
答:花园的长为 8 米,宽为 6 米。
解析:本题考查一元二次方程的应用。易错点:1. 设未知数后,长宽关系表示错误;2. 解方程后忘记检验根的实际意义(长度不能为负);3. 最后只回答 x 的值,没有回答题目问的“长和宽”。
8简答题
Explain in your own words: Why must we check the solution when solving a fractional equation? Give an example to illustrate.
答案:When solving a fractional equation, we multiply both sides by an expression containing the variable to eliminate the denominators. This process may introduce extraneous solutions (增根) — values that satisfy the transformed equation but make the original denominators zero, which is undefined. Therefore, we must check each potential solution by substituting it back into the original equation (or the denominators) to ensure it does not equal zero.
Example: Solve 1/(x-2) + 3 = 1/(2-x).
First, note that 1/(2-x) = -1/(x-2). The equation becomes 1/(x-2) + 3 = -1/(x-2).
Multiply both sides by (x-2): 1 + 3(x-2) = -1.
Solve: 1 + 3x - 6 = -1 → 3x - 5 = -1 → 3x = 4 → x = 4/3.
Check: When x = 4/3, x-2 = 4/3 - 6/3 = -2/3 ≠ 0. So x = 4/3 is a valid solution.
If we had obtained x = 2, it would make the denominator zero and must be rejected.
解析:本题考查对分式方程验根必要性的理解。易错点:只回答“因为可能产生增根”,但没有解释为什么会产生增根(去分母过程可能扩大未知数取值范围),也没有举例说明。回答需包含原理和具体例子。