1选择题
The novel ______ by the young author has won several awards and is now a bestseller.
- A. writing
- B. written
- C. to write
- D. having written
答案：B
解析：本题考查非谓语动词作定语。动词write与逻辑主语novel之间是被动关系，且动作已完成，因此应使用过去分词形式written作后置定语，相当于which was written。易错点：误选A（现在分词表主动）或C（不定式表将来），忽略了被动和完成的含义。
2选择题
It is essential that every student ______ a clear goal for their future study.
- A. has
- B. have
- C. had
- D. will have
答案：B
解析：本题考查虚拟语气。在“It is essential/important/necessary that...”等句型中，that从句的谓语动词应使用“should + 动词原形”，其中should可以省略。因此正确答案为have。易错点：受主句时态影响，误选A或C，忽略了虚拟语气的特殊要求。
3选择题
The reason ______ he gave for being late was that his car broke down on the way.
- A. why
- B. for which
- C. that
- D. of which
答案：C
解析：本题考查定语从句。先行词reason在从句中作gave的宾语，因此关系代词应使用that或which，且可以省略。why或for which在从句中作状语，不符合本题语境。易错点：混淆关系副词why和关系代词that在从句中的成分，误选A或B。
4选择题
______ from the hilltop, the city looks like a beautiful garden.
- A. Seeing
- B. To see
- C. Seen
- D. Having seen
答案：C
解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语。动词see的逻辑主语是句子的主语the city，两者是被动关系（城市被看），因此应使用过去分词seen。易错点：误选A，忽略了逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间的被动关系。
5填空题
The building ______ (build) now will be our new library.
答案：being built
解析：本题考查非谓语动词作定语。动词build与逻辑主语building之间是被动关系，且动作正在进行中，因此应使用现在分词的被动形式being built作后置定语。易错点：误用built（表完成）或to be built（表将来），忽略了‘now’所提示的进行时态。
6填空题
If I ______ (be) you, I would accept the job offer without hesitation.
答案：were
解析：本题考查虚拟语气。在表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句中，从句谓语动词应使用过去式，be动词一律用were。易错点：受主语I影响，误用was，忽略了虚拟语气中be动词的特殊形式。
7解答题
请将以下两个句子合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句。
1. I visited a small village last week.
2. The village is famous for its ancient temple.
答案：I visited a small village last week which/that is famous for its ancient temple.
或：The small village (which/that) I visited last week is famous for its ancient temple.
解析：本题考查定语从句的构建。合并句子时，需确定先行词（village）和关系代词（which/that）。第一种合并方式，village在从句中作主语；第二种合并方式，village在从句中作visited的宾语，关系代词可省略。易错点：关系代词选择不当或误用关系副词where。
8解答题
请用非谓语动词改写下面的句子。
The professor who is giving a lecture now is from Beijing University.
答案：The professor giving a lecture now is from Beijing University.
解析：本题考查用非谓语动词简化定语从句。原句中who is giving a lecture now是定语从句，修饰professor。由于从句中的动作正在进行，且与主语是主动关系，可以简化为现在分词短语giving a lecture now作后置定语。易错点：误用to give（表将来）或given（表被动/完成）。