1选择题
The news ______ our team won the championship excited everyone in the school.
- A. which
- B. what
- C. that
- D. whether
答案:C
解析:本题考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。句子主干为"The news excited everyone",空格后"our team won the championship"是解释说明"The news"的具体内容,因此是一个同位语从句。同位语从句通常由that引导,that在从句中不充当成分,但不能省略。A项which引导定语从句或名词性从句时需有选择范围;B项what引导名词性从句时需在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分;D项whether表示"是否",不符合句意。故选C。
2选择题
It is required that every student ______ the exam before entering the lab.
- A. passes
- B. pass
- C. passed
- D. would pass
答案:B
解析:本题考查虚拟语气。在"It is required/suggested/ordered... that..."结构中,that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气,即"(should) + 动词原形"。因此空格处应填动词原形pass。A项为一般现在时第三人称单数形式,不符合虚拟语气要求;C项为过去式;D项为过去将来时,均不正确。故选B。
3选择题
The problem ______ at the meeting yesterday was very important to the company's future.
- A. being discussed
- B. discussed
- C. to be discussed
- D. discussing
答案:B
解析:本题考查非谓语动词作定语。分析句子结构,空格处需作后置定语修饰"The problem"。根据时间状语"yesterday"可知,问题是在昨天会议上被讨论的,表示被动和已完成的动作,应用过去分词discussed。A项being discussed表示正在进行的被动动作;C项to be discussed表示将要被讨论;D项discussing是现在分词,表示主动,均不符合语境。故选B。
4填空题
He insisted that he ______ (be) innocent and that he ______ (set) free at once.
答案:was; (should) be set
解析:本题考查虚拟语气与insist的用法。insist后接宾语从句时,若表示"坚持说,坚持认为",从句用陈述语气;若表示"坚决要求",从句用虚拟语气"(should) + 动词原形"。第一空"他坚持说自己是无辜的",表示坚持认为,用陈述语气,根据主句时态和语境,用一般过去时was。第二空"他坚持要求被释放",表示坚决要求,用虚拟语气,主语he与set free为被动关系,故用(should) be set。易错点:混淆insist的两种含义导致虚拟语气使用错误。
5填空题
The book ______ (write) by the famous author last year has become a bestseller.
答案:written
解析:本题考查非谓语动词作定语。分析句子结构,空格处需作后置定语修饰"The book"。根据时间状语"last year"和句意"这本书是由这位著名作家去年写的",book与write之间为被动关系,且动作已完成,应用过去分词written。此句可改写为定语从句:The book which was written by the famous author last year...。易错点:误用现在分词writing,忽略被动关系。
6解答题
请根据句意,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空:
If I ______ (be) you, I ______ (not miss) such a valuable opportunity.
答案:were; would not miss
解析:本题考查虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。根据句意"如果我是你,我不会错过如此宝贵的机会",这是对现在情况的虚拟假设。在虚拟条件句中,表示与现在事实相反的假设时,从句用一般过去时(be动词用were),主句用"would/could/might/should + 动词原形"。因此第一空填were,第二空填would not miss。易错点:第一空误用was(口语中可用,但正式语法中应用were);第二空误用一般现在时。
7解答题
请将下列句子改写为含有非谓语动词的句子,使其意思不变:
原句:The girl who is standing by the window is my sister.
答案:The girl standing by the window is my sister.
解析:本题考查将定语从句改写为非谓语动词作定语。原句中"who is standing by the window"是一个定语从句,修饰"The girl"。由于定语从句的主语who与主句主语The girl一致,且从句中的谓语动词stand与主语是主动关系,同时表示正在进行的动作,因此可以将定语从句简化为现在分词短语standing by the window作后置定语。改写后句子更简洁。易错点:误用过去分词stood(表示被动或完成)或不定式to stand(表示将来)。
8解答题
请分析下列句子中名词性从句的类型(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句),并说明其在句中的作用:
句子:The fact that the earth goes around the sun is known to all.
答案:"that the earth goes around the sun"是同位语从句。它在句中作"The fact"的同位语,解释说明"The fact"的具体内容,即"地球绕着太阳转"这一事实。同位语从句通常由that引导,that在从句中不充当成分,但不能省略。
解析:本题考查名词性从句中同位语从句的识别与分析。识别同位语从句的关键在于:它所修饰的名词(如fact, news, idea, belief等)通常是抽象名词,从句解释说明该名词的具体内容。本句中"The fact"是抽象名词,"that the earth goes around the sun"说明了"The fact"的具体内容,因此是同位语从句。它与定语从句的区别在于:定语从句是对先行词进行修饰限定,而同位语从句是对抽象名词进行解释说明。易错点:将同位语从句误判为定语从句。