1选择题
The girl _______ in the photograph is my sister, who is now studying abroad.
- A. to smile
- B. smiled
- C. smiling
- D. being smiled
答案：C
解析：本题考查非谓语动词作定语。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要非谓语动词作后置定语修饰“The girl”。根据逻辑关系，The girl与smile之间是主动关系，且表示正在进行的状态，因此应使用现在分词smiling。A项不定式通常表示将来或目的；B项过去式是谓语形式，此处已有谓语is，会造成句式杂糅；D项被动语态不符合逻辑。故选C。
2选择题
It is required that every student _______ a mask when entering the library during the flu season.
- A. wears
- B. wear
- C. wore
- D. will wear
答案：B
解析：本题考查虚拟语气。在“It is required/demanded/essential... that...”句型中，that从句的谓语动词应使用“(should) + 动词原形”的虚拟语气形式。因此，空格处应填动词原形wear。A、C、D三项均不符合此语法要求。故选B。易错点：学生容易受主句时态或习惯用法影响而误选A。
3选择题
The reason _______ he was absent from the meeting was _______ his car broke down on the way.
- A. why; that
- B. that; because
- C. which; that
- D. for which; because
答案：A
解析：本题考查定语从句和名词性从句。第一空引导定语从句修饰“The reason”，且在从句中作原因状语，可用why或for which；第二空引导表语从句，说明原因的具体内容，应用that引导（because虽可表原因，但在此结构中不常用，且与“The reason”重复）。综合来看，A项“why; that”是最佳搭配。故选A。易错点：学生容易混淆定语从句和表语从句的引导词，或误选B项“that; because”。
4选择题
_______ the project on time, they worked day and night without any rest.
- A. Having finished
- B. To finish
- C. Finishing
- D. Finished
答案：B
解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语。分析句子逻辑关系可知，“they worked day and night”的目的是“to finish the project on time”，因此应使用不定式作目的状语。A项完成式表示动作先于谓语发生，不符合语境；C项现在分词表伴随或原因；D项过去分词表被动或完成。故选B。
5填空题
The scientist _______ discovery changed the world devoted his whole life to research. (用适当的词填空)
答案：whose
解析：本题考查定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句修饰“The scientist”，且在从句中作定语修饰“discovery”，表示“那位科学家的发现”，因此应使用关系代词whose。易错点：学生可能误填who或which，但它们不能在从句中作定语。
6填空题
If I _______ (be) you, I would seize the opportunity without hesitation. (用括号内单词的正确形式填空)
答案：were
解析：本题考查虚拟语气。在表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句中，if从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时（be动词用were）。因此，空格处应填were。易错点：学生容易根据主语I而误用was，但在虚拟语气中，不论人称如何，be动词通常都用were。
7解答题
请将下列句子改写为含有非谓语动词（过去分词）作定语的句子。
原句：The bridge which was built in the 19th century is still in use today.
答案：The bridge built in the 19th century is still in use today.
解析：本题考查非谓语动词作定语的改写。原句中的定语从句“which was built in the 19th century”可以简化为过去分词短语“built in the 19th century”作后置定语，因为bridge与build之间是被动关系。改写后句子更简洁，意思不变。易错点：学生可能误用现在分词building，忽略了被动关系。
8解答题
请分析下列句子中划线部分的语法功能，并指出其逻辑主语。
句子：Walking through the park, the beautiful flowers attracted her attention.
答案：语法功能：现在分词短语“Walking through the park”在句中作状语，表示时间或伴随情况。
逻辑主语：该分词短语的逻辑主语应是句子的主语“the beautiful flowers”。但根据句意，“散步”的动作发出者应是“她”（her），而不是“花”，因此存在逻辑主语不一致的错误。正确表达应为：Walking through the park, she was attracted by the beautiful flowers. 或 As she walked through the park, the beautiful flowers attracted her attention.
解析：本题考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题。非谓语动词（如现在分词）作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。原句中“Walking through the park”的逻辑主语应是“花”，但“花”不能“散步”，因此犯了“垂悬修饰语”的错误。这是非谓语动词的常见易错点，学生需特别注意动作的执行者与句子主语是否匹配。