1选择题
The environmental report, ________ was released last month, highlights the urgent need to protect the Amazon rainforest.
- A. that
- B. which
- C. what
- D. where
答案：B
解析：本题考查定语从句。先行词为“The environmental report”，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，且指物，应使用关系代词which。A项that不能引导非限制性定语从句；C项what不引导定语从句；D项where在从句中作状语，不符合句意。故选B。
2选择题
The government’s policy aims to encourage people ________ waste and recycle more.
- A. reducing
- B. to reduce
- C. reduced
- D. reduce
答案：B
解析：本题考查非谓语动词。固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。A项为动名词，C项为过去分词，D项为动词原形，均不符合该结构。故选B。
3选择题
If the international community ________ more attention to climate change earlier, the situation would not be so severe now.
- A. paid
- B. has paid
- C. had paid
- D. would pay
答案：C
解析：本题考查虚拟语气。句子为混合虚拟条件句。从句与过去事实相反，使用过去完成时（had paid）；主句与现在事实相反，使用would not be。A项用于与现在/将来事实相反的虚拟；B项是现在完成时，不用于虚拟；D项用于与将来事实相反的虚拟。故选C。
4选择题
________ in a sustainable way is a shared responsibility for all citizens to ensure a greener future.
- A. To live
- B. Lived
- C. Living
- D. Live
答案：C
解析：本题考查非谓语动词作主语。动名词短语“Living in a sustainable way”在句中作主语，表示一种普遍性的行为。A项不定式作主语常表示具体或一次性的动作；B项过去分词不能作主语；D项动词原形不能独立作主语。故选C。易错点：学生可能误选A，但动名词作主语更符合语境中“普遍行为”的含义。
5填空题
The researchers are working on a new method ________ (process) plastic waste, which could significantly reduce pollution. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
答案：to process
解析：本题考查非谓语动词作定语。不定式短语“to process plastic waste”作后置定语，修饰名词“method”，表示“处理塑料废物的方法”。此处用不定式表示目的或用途。易错点：学生可能误用processing，但此处强调方法的目的，不定式更准确。
6语法填空题
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Yangtze River, the longest river in Asia, is facing serious ecological challenges. Overfishing, pollution, and habitat loss 1.________ (threaten) its biodiversity for decades. Recognizing the urgency, the Chinese government has implemented a 10-year fishing ban in key sections of the river, 2.________ began in 2021. This ban is expected 3.________ (allow) fish populations to recover and restore the river’s ecosystem. Scientists are closely monitoring the effects, 4.________ (hope) to see positive changes in water quality and wildlife numbers. The success of this initiative could serve 5.________ a model for other rivers worldwide.
答案：1. have been threatening
2. which
3. to allow
4. hoping
5. as
解析：1. 考查现在完成进行时。由时间状语“for decades”和语境可知，动作从过去持续到现在并可能继续，用have been threatening。
2. 考查定语从句。先行词为“a 10-year fishing ban”，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用which。
3. 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配be expected to do sth.，用to allow。
4. 考查非谓语动词。现在分词hoping作伴随状语，其逻辑主语是“Scientists”。
5. 考查固定搭配。serve as意为“作为，充当”。
易错点：第1题易误用一般现在时或现在完成时，需注意时间状语；第3题易忽略be expected to结构；第4题易误用hoped（过去分词）导致逻辑错误。
7阅读理解题
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing plants on Earth, capable of growing up to 91 cm per day. Its rapid growth and strength make it an ideal sustainable resource. Unlike trees, bamboo can be harvested without killing the plant; it regenerates quickly from its roots. This characteristic makes it a perfect alternative to wood for construction and manufacturing.
However, the production of bamboo products is not without challenges. The process of turning raw bamboo into usable materials often involves chemical treatments, which can be harmful to the environment if not managed properly. Additionally, the transportation of bamboo from tropical regions to global markets contributes to carbon emissions.
To address these issues, some companies are developing “green” processing methods that use fewer chemicals and renewable energy. There is also a growing trend of using locally sourced bamboo to reduce the carbon footprint of transportation.
1. What is one advantage of bamboo over trees mentioned in the passage?
2. What is a potential environmental problem in bamboo production?
3. How are some companies trying to make bamboo production more sustainable?
答案：1. Bamboo can be harvested without killing the plant and regenerates quickly from its roots.
2. Chemical treatments used in processing can be harmful to the environment.
3. By developing “green” processing methods with fewer chemicals and renewable energy, and by using locally sourced bamboo to reduce transportation emissions.
解析：本题考查阅读理解与信息提取能力。问题均基于短文内容。第1题答案在第一段最后一句；第2题答案在第二段第二句；第3题答案在第三段。易错点：学生可能忽略细节或概括不准确，需仔细定位原文信息。
8写作题
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Chris对中国的生态保护措施很感兴趣，来信询问有关情况。请给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1. 介绍一项你了解的中国生态保护措施（如长江禁渔、国家公园建设等）；
2. 该措施的意义；
3. 邀请他有机会来中国亲眼看看。
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris,
I’m glad to hear from you and share something about ecological protection in China.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
答案：Dear Chris,
I’m glad to hear from you and share something about ecological protection in China. One significant measure is the ten-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River, which started in 2021. This ban aims to restore the river’s ecosystem by allowing fish populations to recover and improving water quality.
The ban is of great importance. It not only helps preserve biodiversity but also ensures the sustainable development of the fishing industry in the long run. Moreover, it raises public awareness about the need to balance economic activities with environmental protection.
I sincerely invite you to come to China and see the positive changes along the Yangtze River. You’ll be amazed by the beautiful scenery and the efforts we’ve made.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
解析：本题考查综合写作能力，要求结合生态保护情境，运用定语从句、非谓语动词等语法知识。写作需结构清晰，内容完整，语言准确。易错点：1. 未能紧扣“生态保护措施”主题；2. 语法错误，如定语从句使用不当；3. 行文不连贯，缺乏逻辑连接词。