1选择题
— The new high-speed train, ________ was developed by Chinese engineers, has made traveling between cities much faster. — That's amazing! I've heard it can run over 350 kilometers per hour.
- A. that
- B. which
- C. who
- D. what
答案:B
解析:本题考查定语从句关系代词的选择。分析句子结构:先行词是'The new high-speed train'(物),从句'________ was developed by Chinese engineers'缺少主语,且从句为非限制性定语从句(有逗号隔开)。在非限制性定语从句中,指物只能用which,不能用that。A项that不能用于非限制性定语从句;C项who指人;D项what不能引导定语从句。故选B。易错点:忽略从句的非限制性,误选that。
2选择题
— Our school is building a new science lab. — I heard about it. The engineers said the lab ________ with the most advanced equipment by the end of next month.
- A. will be equipped
- B. is equipped
- C. was equipped
- D. has been equipped
答案:A
解析:本题考查被动语态在将来时间状语下的应用。句意为“工程师们说实验室将在下个月底之前配备最先进的设备”。主语“the lab”是动作“equip”的承受者,且时间状语“by the end of next month”表示将来,因此需用一般将来时的被动语态“will be + 过去分词”。选项B是一般现在时被动,C是一般过去时被动,D是现在完成时被动,均不符合将来时间。易错点是忽略时间状语而误选其他时态。故选A。
3选择题
— How do you feel about the documentary on China's space station? — It's amazing! I'm deeply ________ by the astronauts' hard work and courage.
- A. impressing
- B. impressed
- C. disappointing
- D. disappointed
答案:B
解析:本题考查情感状态形容词-ed/-ing的辨析。句意为“我被宇航员的辛勤工作和勇气深深打动了”。主语“I”是人,表示“被打动”的感受,应用-ed形容词“impressed”。-ing形容词“impressing”通常描述事物“令人印象深刻的”。选项C和D(disappointing/disappointed)意为“令人失望的/感到失望的”,与语境中“amazing”(令人惊叹的)的积极情感不符。易错点是混淆-ed和-ing形容词的修饰对象,或根据中文直译误选。故选B。
4填空题
根据所给汉语提示,用适当的词完成句子,每空一词。
1. 我想知道明天天气是否会变好。
I wonder __________ the weather will be fine tomorrow or not.
2. 当我到达车站时,火车已经开走了。
By the time I got to the station, the train __________ already __________.
3. 为了保护环境,我们应该少用塑料袋。
To protect the environment, we __________ use fewer plastic bags.
4. 看那些乌云!我认为很快就下雨了。
Look at those dark clouds! I think it __________ __________ soon.
答案:1. whether; 2. had; left; 3. should; 4. is going to rain
解析:本题综合考查宾语从句连接词、过去完成时、情态动词表建议和一般将来时(be going to)。
1. 考点:宾语从句连接词。根据“or not”提示,此处需用whether(是否)引导宾语从句,且从句为陈述语序。易错点:误用if(虽然if也可表是否,但通常不与or not直接连用)或误用疑问语序。
2. 考点:过去完成时。句型“By the time + 过去时从句,主句(过去完成时)”表示“过去的过去”。易错点:不规则动词过去分词形式错误(leave-left-left),或将had left误写为left(一般过去时)。
3. 考点:情态动词表建议。根据语境“为了保护环境”,此处表达道义上的建议和责任,应用should。易错点:误用must(语气过强)或could(语气过弱,表能力或可能性)。
4. 考点:一般将来时(be going to)。根据现有迹象(乌云)做出的近期预测,常用be going to。易错点:误用will(表临时决定或单纯预测,此处强调根据迹象判断),或be going to结构错误(如缺少be动词或going拼写错误)。
5填空题
根据短文内容,在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式,使短文通顺、意思完整。
Robotics is changing our world. Engineers are working hard to create robots that can help with everyday tasks. By the time you ________ (read) this passage, scientists may have already made new progress in robot technology. For example, some household robots are designed to clean floors or water plants. They are supposed ________ (make) our lives easier. However, developing such robots is not easy. Engineers often face many problems, ________ they never give up. They believe that with more effort, robots will play a bigger part in protecting the environment in the future.
答案:1. read
2. to make
3. but
解析:本题以科技创新(机器人技术)为情境,综合考查三个核心考点:1. 时态与状语从句(by the time引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般现在时表将来,主句用将来完成时may have made);2. 固定短语用法(be supposed to do sth.);3. 逻辑衔接词(上下文为转折关系)。第一个空,根据‘by the time’引导时间状语从句的规则,主句是‘may have already made’(将来完成时),从句应用一般现在时表示将来,故填read(原形)。第二个空,考查‘be supposed to do’结构,to后接动词原形,故填to make。第三个空,前句说‘not easy’,后句说‘never give up’,构成转折关系,故填but。易错点:1. 在by the time从句中误用将来时或过去时;2. 将be supposed to误用为be supposed doing;3. 忽略上下文逻辑,误填and或so等。解答时需通读全文,理解句间逻辑关系,并牢记相关语法规则。
6解答题
根据所给中文和英文提示,完成句子。每空一词。
中国科学家在航天工程领域取得的成就让全世界都感到惊叹。
The achievements that Chinese scientists have made in the space engineering field ________ the whole world ________ .
答案:make; amazed
解析:本题综合考查定语从句和动词make的用法。首先,分析句子结构:主句是'The achievements ... ________ the whole world ________.',其中'That Chinese scientists have made in the space engineering field'是定语从句,修饰'The achievements',关系代词that在从句中作made的宾语,已给出,无需填写。主句的核心结构是'make + 宾语(the whole world)+ 宾语补足语'。根据中文提示'感到惊叹',对应英文'mazed'(形容词),表示状态。因此,动词make在此处应用一般现在时(陈述客观事实),主语'The achievements'是复数,故make用原形。最终答案为:make; amazed。易错点:1. 误用被动语态are made,忽略了make作为使役动词'使...变得'的主动用法;2. 宾补动词形式错误,如用amazing(形容物)或amaze(动词原形)而非amazed(形容人)。
7解答题
根据对话内容,用所给单词的适当形式填空,使对话完整、通顺。每空词数不限。
(Li Ming and his foreign friend David are talking about a science project.)
David: Hi, Li Ming! I heard your team won first prize in the city science competition. Congratulations!
Li Ming: Thanks! We designed a smart watering system for our school garden.
David: That sounds amazing! Can you tell me how it __________ (1. work)?
Li Ming: Sure. It uses sensors to check the soil moisture. If the soil is dry, the system __________ (2. turn on) the water pump automatically.
David: Wow, that's very intelligent! So, it __________ (3. save) a lot of water, right?
Li Ming: Exactly. The teacher said we __________ (4. try) to make our inventions practical and helpful for daily life.
David: I totally agree. Your project __________ (5. make) a real difference in saving resources. I believe more students __________ (6. join) such creative activities in the future.
答案:1. works; 2. will turn on / is going to turn on; 3. can save / will save; 4. should try; 5. has made; 6. will join / are going to join
解析:本题在科技创新(智能浇水系统)与工程实践情境中考查多个核心语法点。
1. 考点:宾语从句中的时态与语序。主句“Can you tell me”为现在时,从句描述客观事实或规律,应用一般现在时,且主语为it,动词用第三人称单数works。易错点:从句误用疑问语序(如how does it work)或时态错误。
2. 考点:一般将来时(will/be going to)。此处描述根据条件(土壤干燥)将发生的动作,表示计划或必然结果,will或be going to均可。易错点:在if引导的条件状语从句中误用将来时(此处为主句,可用将来时),或动词短语turn on拼写错误。
3. 背点:情态动词表推测(can)或一般将来时。根据上文“非常智能”,此处可表示“能够节水”(can save)或“将会节水”(will save)。易错点:忽略语境,误用其他情态动词如must(表必须,语气过强)。
4. 考点:情态动词表建议(should)。此处是老师对学生发明的建议,应用should。易错点:误用must(必须)或could(可能),忽略“道义责任”的语境。
5. 考点:现在完成时。此处强调项目“已经产生”了实际影响,对现在有结果,应用现在完成时has made。易错点:误用一般过去时made(仅强调过去动作)或一般现在时makes(未体现已完成的影响)。
6. 考点:一般将来时(will/be going to)。根据“in the future”时间状语和说话人的信念(I believe),表示对未来的预测,will或be going to均可。易错点:误用现在进行时(are joining)或一般现在时(join)。
8解答题
假设你正在参加一个国际科技创新夏令营。在闭幕式上,你需要向外国营员介绍一项中国的环保科技成果,并谈谈个人看法。请根据以下提示,用英语写一段80词左右的短文。
提示:
1. 介绍成果:中国科学家研发了一种新型太阳能电池板,效率更高,成本更低。
2. 个人看法:科技创新对保护地球非常重要;我们青少年应该多学习科学知识,为环保做贡献。
要求:
1. 包含所有提示内容,可适当发挥。
2. 语句通顺,逻辑清晰。
3. 短文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。
答案:One possible version:
Hello, everyone! I'm glad to share with you a great achievement in environmental protection from China. Chinese scientists have developed a new type of solar panel. It is more efficient and costs less than traditional ones. This innovation helps us use clean energy better.
I think scientific and technological innovation is very important for saving the earth. As teenagers, we should study science hard and try to do something for environmental protection, like recycling and saving water. Let's work together to make our planet greener!
解析:本题结合科技创新与环保情境,考查学生综合运用语言进行书面表达的能力,核心考点包括时态(一般现在时、现在完成时)和逻辑衔接。题目要求介绍一项科技成果并表达个人看法,学生需正确使用相关词汇和句型(如has developed, is important for)。易错点:1. 时态混乱,描述已发生的研究成果应用现在完成时,而表达看法用一般现在时;2. 逻辑衔接不当,如在连接介绍成果与个人看法时缺少过渡词(如I think);3. 内容遗漏,未涵盖提示中的所有要点。解答时应先列出要点,确保覆盖提示内容,再组织语言,注意使用连接词使文章连贯。