1选择题
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The world's forests are facing a serious threat. According to a recent report, an area of forest the size of a football field is lost every two seconds. This rapid deforestation not only destroys the habitats of countless species but also contributes significantly to climate change. The Amazon rainforest, often called "the lungs of the planet," has been particularly affected. Scientists warn that if we do not take immediate action, the consequences could be catastrophic. Many environmental organizations are now advocating for sustainable forestry practices and stricter laws to protect these vital ecosystems. They believe that raising public awareness is the first step towards finding a solution.
What does the underlined word "this" in the first sentence refer to?
- A. The loss of a football field.
- B. The rapid deforestation.
- C. The threat to species' habitats.
- D. The contribution to climate change.
答案：B
解析：本题考查代词指代，属于阅读理解中的细节推断题。解题关键在于理解上下文逻辑。前一句提到“世界森林面临严重威胁”，后一句具体描述“每两秒钟就有相当于一个足球场面积的森林消失”，并紧接着用“This rapid deforestation...”进行总结和进一步说明。因此，"this"指代的是前一句描述的“森林快速消失”这一现象本身，即“rapid deforestation”。选项A、C、D都是森林消失带来的具体后果或表现，而非"this"所直接指代的对象。故选B。
2选择题
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The Amazon rainforest, often called the "lungs of the Earth", is facing severe threats from deforestation. ________ (protect) this vital ecosystem, international organizations and local communities are working together. They recognize that ________ (take) immediate action is crucial. For instance, they are promoting sustainable farming methods. One expert suggested that every individual ________ (play) a part by reducing paper consumption. If everyone ________ (be) more aware of the consequences, the rainforest would have a brighter future.
- A. To protect; taking; plays; were
- B. Protecting; to take; should play; is
- C. To protect; taking; play; was
- D. Protecting; take; plays; were
答案：A
解析：本题综合考查非谓语动词、动名词作主语、虚拟语气及状语从句连词。
1. 第一空：表目的“为了保护”，用动词不定式To protect作目的状语，故排除B、D。
2. 第二空：分析句子成分，空格处作主语，表示“采取行动”这一抽象活动，应用动名词taking，故排除D。
3. 第三空：suggest后接宾语从句，表示“建议”，从句用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”，should可省略，故填play。
4. 第四空：If引导的条件状语从句与现在事实相反（“如果每个人更意识到…”），属于虚拟语气，从句用一般过去时，主语everyone视为第三人称单数，但be动词在虚拟语气中一律用were，故填were。
易错点：混淆动名词与不定式作主语的功能；误以为suggest后直接接动词不定式；在虚拟语气中误用was代替were。故选A。
3选择题
根据图表信息，选择最佳选项。
下表是某环保组织对“公众参与环境保护方式”的调查结果（2023年）。请阅读表格并回答问题。
参与方式 比例（%） 主要人群
------------ --------- ------------
垃圾分类 65 城市居民
植树造林 20 学生、志愿者
线上环保宣传 10 年轻人
其他方式 5 -
Based on the table, we can learn that ________.
- A. over half of the people surveyed prefer sorting garbage
- B. planting trees is the most popular way for city residents
- C. online publicity is mainly accepted by the elderly
- D. no one chooses other ways to protect the environment
答案：A
解析：本题考查图文信息分析能力。根据表格，选择“垃圾分类”方式的比例为65%，即超过一半（over half）的受访者，故A项正确。B项错误，因为植树造林（20%）并非最受欢迎方式，且主要人群是学生和志愿者，并非城市居民（城市居民主要参与垃圾分类）。C项错误，表格显示线上环保宣传的主要人群是年轻人（young people），而非老年人（the elderly）。D项错误，“其他方式”比例为5%，说明有部分人选择，并非无人选择。易错点：可能因比例数字混淆而误选B，或忽略“主要人群”信息而误选C。故选A。
4选择题
根据下面图表及文字信息，选择最佳答案。
The table below shows the changes in the area of a certain wetland in Inner Mongolia over the past decade (2013-2023). A local conservation project started in 2018.
Year 2013 2015 2018 2020 2023
--------------- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Area (hectares) 1500 1420 1380 1450 1520
______ from the data, the conservation project appears to be effective.
- A. To see
- B. Seeing
- C. Seen
- D. Having seen
答案：B
解析：解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句子主语是 'the conservation project'（保护项目），非谓语动词 'see' 的逻辑主语也是 'the conservation project'。分析主被动关系：保护项目是 '被看、被观察' 的对象，还是 '正在看' 的动作发出者？在本句语境中，'the conservation project' 是 'see' 这一动作的发出者（即：从数据中观察，该项目...），存在主动关系。因此，应使用现在分词 'Seeing' 表示主动和伴随。选项A (To see) 不定式通常表目的或将来，不符合此处作状语表伴随的语境；选项C (Seen) 过去分词表被动，与主语主动关系矛盾；选项D (Having seen) 现在分词完成式，强调动作先于主句谓语发生，此处并无明显的先后顺序，且用一般现在分词更简洁自然。易错点：误以为 'project' 不能 '看'，从而错误地判断为被动关系，误选C；或者忽略非谓语动词逻辑主语与句子主语一致的原则。结论：根据语义和主被动关系，应选B。
5填空题
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In recent years, many cities have taken steps to improve air quality. For example, in Beijing, strict measures ________ (implement) to control vehicle emissions. ________ (use) public transport is encouraged. The government has also suggested that factories ________ (adopt) cleaner technologies. If we all ________ (commit) to these efforts, our cities will become much greener.
答案：1. have been implemented
2. Using
3. (should) adopt
4. commit
解析：本题结合自然生态与环境保护情境，考查被动语态、非谓语动词作主语、虚拟语气及真实条件句。
1. 第一空：主语measures与动词implement之间是被动关系，且时间状语In recent years表明动作从过去持续到现在，对现在有影响，用现在完成时的被动语态have been implemented。
2. 第二空：分析句子结构，此处缺少主语，表示“使用公共交通”这一习惯性活动，应用动名词Using作主语。
3. 第三空：suggest后接宾语从句，表示“建议”，从句用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”，should可省略，故填(should) adopt。
4. 第四空：If引导的条件状语从句，表示对将来可能发生事情的真实假设（“如果我们所有人都致力于…”），主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时，主语we是复数，故用动词原形commit。
易错点：现在完成时被动语态的构成错误；误用不定式作主语；混淆suggest后接真实语气与虚拟语气的条件；在真实条件句中误用将来时。
6填空题
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Inner Mongolia Grassland, a vast and beautiful natural wonder, is famous ________ (1) its rolling green hills and rich cultural heritage. Every year, thousands of tourists travel ________ (2) (by/in) various means to experience its unique charm. A local environmental group, which ________ (3) (found) five years ago, is dedicated to protecting this fragile ecosystem. They are currently planning a new conservation project. The schedule says the project ________ (4) (start) next month. The group believes that the place ________ (5) people and nature coexist harmoniously is worth preserving for future generations.
答案：1. for
2. by
3. was founded
4. is starting
5. where
解析：本题结合自然生态情境，综合考查多个单元的语法考点。1. 考查be famous for固定搭配，意为“因...而著名”。2. 考查介词by表示交通方式，后接单数、无冠词的交通工具名词。3. 考查一般过去时的被动语态，根据时间状语five years ago及found与主语group的被动关系，应填was founded。4. 考查现在进行时表示将来计划，语境中schedule表明这是已安排好的计划。5. 考查定语从句关系副词，先行词the place在从句中作地点状语，故用where。易错点：第1题可能误用as；第2题可能误用in；第3题可能忽略被动或时态；第4题可能机械地根据next month用will start；第5题可能误用which/that。
7解答题
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom来信询问你所在城市在环境保护方面的情况。请你根据以下图表和提示信息，给他写一封回信。
【图表信息】
图表标题：呼和浩特市2023年与2018年主要环境指标对比
主要数据：
1. 空气质量优良天数：2018年为220天，2023年为290天。
2. 城市绿化覆盖率：2018年为38%，2023年为45%。
3. 生活垃圾无害化处理率：2018年为85%，2023年为98%。
写作要求：
1. 简要描述图表反映的主要变化。
2. 分析这些变化可能的原因（至少两点）。
3. 表达你对城市未来环境发展的看法。
4. 词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。
Dear Tom,
I'm glad to hear from you. You asked about the environmental situation in my city.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes,
Li Hua
答案：One possible version:
Dear Tom,
I'm glad to hear from you. You asked about the environmental situation in my city.
As is shown in the chart, my city, Hohhot, has made significant progress in environmental protection over the past five years. The number of days with good air quality increased from 220 in 2018 to 290 in 2023. Meanwhile, the city's green coverage rate rose from 38% to 45%, and the harmless treatment rate of domestic waste reached 98% in 2023, up from 85% in 2018.
These improvements can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, the local government has implemented stricter regulations on industrial emissions and promoted the use of clean energy. Secondly, there has been a growing public awareness of environmental protection, with more people participating in tree-planting activities and practicing waste sorting.
In my opinion, as we all know, protecting the environment is a long-term task. I believe that with continued efforts from both the government and citizens, our city will become even greener and more livable in the future.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
解析：本题为应用文写作（书信），要求学生基于图表信息进行分析和描述，属于图文信息优先的题型。考查学生整合图表数据、运用恰当的连接词和句型进行连贯表达的能力，同时涉及本册重点语法（如as引导的非限制性定语从句：As is shown in the chart...）。
写作要点：
1. 描述变化：需准确使用比较级和数据对比（如increased from... to...; rose from... to...; reached... up from...）。
2. 分析原因：需结合常识，提出合理且具体的措施（如政府政策、公众意识），并使用Firstly, Secondly等连接词使逻辑清晰。
3. 表达看法：需使用恰当的表达（如In my opinion; I believe that...），并可融入考点中的句型（如as we all know）。
易错点：
1. 数据描述错误或遗漏。
2. 原因分析空泛，与图表数据脱节。
3. 语言表达不连贯，缺乏必要的连接词。
4. 未能有效运用本册所学的复杂句型（如定语从句、名词性从句）。
8解答题
阅读下面关于湿地保护的短文，并根据要求完成任务。
Wetlands, known as the 'kidneys of the earth', play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance. However, due to human activities and climate change, many wetlands around the world are under threat. To address this issue, the local government in Inner Mongolia has implemented a series of measures. For example, they have established nature reserves, launched public awareness campaigns, and restored degraded wetlands. These efforts, which have been ongoing for years, aim to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable development.
任务：请用强调句型（It is/was... that/who...）改写以下句子，强调划线部分。
原句：The local government in Inner Mongolia has implemented a series of measures to protect wetlands.
划线部分：The local government in Inner Mongolia
答案：It is the local government in Inner Mongolia that/who has implemented a series of measures to protect wetlands.
解析：解析：本题考查强调句型 It is/was... that/who... 的运用。强调句型用于突出句子的某个成分。原句时态为现在完成时 (has implemented)，强调句型中的 be 动词用 is。被强调部分 'The local government in Inner Mongolia' 指代一个组织/机构，在强调句型中可以用 that 或 who。改写时，将原句主语 'The local government in Inner Mongolia' 放在 It is 之后，用 that 或 who 连接句子的剩余部分，并确保剩余部分动词形式不变。易错点：1. 误将 is 写成 was（原句时态为现在完成时，强调现在仍存在的影响）；2. 在强调人或组织时，错误使用 which；3. 改写后剩余部分的动词形式出现错误，如漏掉 has 或误用 had。结论：正确改写需保持原句时态和意思不变，结构清晰。