1选择题
The old town, _______ narrow streets and ancient buildings have been well preserved, attracts thousands of tourists every year.
- A. which
- B. where
- C. whose
- D. that
答案：C
解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句中关系词的选用。句意：这座老城镇，其狭窄的街道和古建筑得到了很好的保护，每年吸引成千上万的游客。分析句子结构：主句为“The old town...attracts thousands of tourists every year.”，中间部分为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“The old town”。从句中“narrow streets and ancient buildings”与先行词之间存在所属关系，即“老城镇的街道和古建筑”，因此需要使用表示所有关系的关系代词whose，相当于“of which”。A项which在从句中作主语或宾语，但此处从句主语是“narrow streets and ancient buildings”，与先行词不是同一事物；B项where在从句中作地点状语，但此处从句已有主语，缺少的是“...的”这一所有格限定；D项that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故选C。
2选择题
It is no good _______ about the past. What matters is how we can shape the future by _______ action now.
- A. to think; taking
- B. thinking; taking
- C. to think; take
- D. thinking; take
答案：B
解析：本题综合考查动名词作主语（固定句型）和介词后接动名词的用法。句意：沉湎于过去没有好处。重要的是我们现在如何通过采取行动来塑造未来。第一空考查“It is no good/use...”句型，其中it为形式主语，真正主语是动名词，故应填thinking。第二空考查介词by后接动名词作宾语的用法，by意为“通过...方式”，后接动名词表示手段，故应填taking。A、C两项第一空误用了不定式；C、D两项第二空误用了动词原形。本题易错点在于对“It is no good...”句型不熟悉，以及忽略介词后必须接动名词（或名词）这一语法规则。故选B。
3选择题
The new policy, _______ (aim) at reducing pollution, has been widely supported by the public.
- A. aiming
- B. to aim
- C. aimed
- D. having aimed
答案：C
解析：本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。句意为‘旨在减少污染的新政策得到了公众的广泛支持。’句子主干是‘The new policy has been widely supported’，因此‘_______ (aim) at reducing pollution’在句中作后置定语，修饰‘The new policy’。动词‘aim’与逻辑主语‘policy’之间是被动关系（政策是被设定目标的），且此处为非谓语动词作定语，表示被动和完成，应使用过去分词‘aimed’。A选项‘aiming’表示主动，不符合逻辑；B选项‘to aim’表示目的或将来，此处不适用；D选项‘having aimed’表示主动且先于谓语发生，也不符合。故选C。
4填空题
阅读下面句子，在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式，使句子完整、语法正确。
1. The _______ (discover) of the new planet excited the whole scientific community.
2. He gave a _______ (persuade) speech that changed many people's minds about the project.
答案：1. discovery 2. persuasive
解析：本题综合考查构词法，特别是动词变为名词以及形容词的用法。
第1题：分析句子结构，定冠词‘The’后需要名词作句子的主语。括号内单词‘discover’是动词，意为‘发现’。根据构词法，动词加名词后缀‘-y’变为名词‘discovery’（发现）。注意拼写，不要写成‘discoverment’。
第2题：分析句子结构，‘a _______ speech’中，不定冠词‘a’后接名词‘speech’（演讲），因此空白处需要一个形容词来修饰名词。括号内单词‘persuade’是动词，意为‘说服’。根据构词法，动词加形容词后缀‘-ive’变为形容词‘persuasive’（有说服力的）。易错点是误将动词原形直接填入，或错误添加后缀。
5解答题
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The city museum, which was originally built in the 1920s, has undergone a major transformation. Over the past decade, a significant amount of work _______ (do) to preserve its historical architecture while incorporating modern facilities. The main exhibition hall, along with several smaller galleries, _______ (equip) with state-of-the-art lighting and audio systems last year. Visitors often comment that the museum's collection is one of _______ (diverse) in the region, covering everything from ancient artifacts to contemporary art. The director says that more interactive exhibits _______ (add) to attract younger audiences in the coming years.
答案：1. has been done
2. was equipped
3. the most diverse
4. will be added
解析：本题综合考查语法知识，融合了多个考点。
1. 考查现在完成时的被动语态。关键时间状语“Over the past decade”提示动作从过去持续到现在且对现在有影响，主语“work”与“do”为被动关系，故用has been done。易错点是忽略主谓一致（单数work用has）或漏写been。
2. 考查一般过去时的被动语态。关键时间状语“last year”提示过去时间，主语“The main exhibition hall...galleries”与“equip”为被动关系，且主语为复数概念（along with连接的主语，谓语与前面主语一致），故用was equipped。易错点是受“along with”影响误用复数were。
3. 考查形容词最高级。句型“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”是固定结构，故用the most diverse。易错点是漏掉the或误用比较级。
4. 考查一般将来时的被动语态。时间状语“in the coming years”提示将来，主语“exhibits”与“add”为被动关系，故用will be added。易错点是忽略被动关系或使用主动语态。
6解答题
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Chris在邮件中说他对中国传统节日很感兴趣，但觉得难以理解其中的文化内涵。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1. 对他的兴趣表示欢迎；
2. 以一个你熟悉的中国传统节日为例，解释其文化内涵；
3. 给出理解文化内涵的具体建议。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris,
I'm glad to hear that you are interested in Chinese traditional festivals.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
I hope my suggestions will be helpful to you.
Yours,
Li Hua
答案：Dear Chris,
I'm glad to hear that you are interested in Chinese traditional festivals. It's natural to find them a bit hard to understand at first, as they are deeply rooted in our history and philosophy.
Let me take the Mid-Autumn Festival as an example. It falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. On this day, family members gather to enjoy mooncakes and admire the full moon. The round shape of the moon and the mooncakes symbolizes reunion and completeness. This festival reflects the core Chinese value of family unity and harmony with nature.
To better understand the cultural significance, I suggest you first learn about the historical stories behind the festivals, such as the legend of Chang'e for the Mid-Autumn Festival. Furthermore, participating in local celebrations or watching documentaries can offer vivid insights. Most importantly, try to connect the festival customs with the underlying values they represent.
I hope my suggestions will be helpful to you.
Yours,
Li Hua
解析：本题考查应用文写作中的建议信，融合了语言运用与文化理解。
1. 结构符合要求：开头（回应与共情）-正文（举例解释文化内涵+提出具体建议）-结尾（鼓励与期待）。
2. 内容具体：以中秋节为例，解释了时间、习俗（赏月、吃月饼）及其象征意义（团圆），并将此与“家庭团聚”、“人与自然和谐”的文化价值观相联系，而非空泛描述。建议部分具体可行，如“学习历史故事”、“参与庆祝活动”、“观看纪录片”、“联系价值观”，并使用了“I suggest you...”等得体句型。
3. 语言得体：语气友好、鼓励，符合书信交际语境。
易错点包括：1. 举例后只描述习俗，未深入解释其文化内涵（象征意义、价值观）；2. 建议空泛，如“多了解”、“多参与”，缺乏具体方法；3. 结构混乱，缺少开头或结尾；4. 语气生硬，使用命令式句子。
7解答题
阅读下面关于人工智能（AI）伦理挑战的议论文片段，完成以下任务。
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought both unprecedented opportunities and complex ethical dilemmas. On the one hand, AI can enhance efficiency in fields like healthcare and transportation. On the other hand, concerns about job displacement, algorithmic bias, and loss of human control have emerged. While some argue that strict regulations could stifle innovation, others believe that ethical guidelines are essential to ensure AI benefits humanity as a whole. Ultimately, a balanced approach is needed to harness AI's potential while mitigating its risks.
1. Identify the main argument (thesis) of this passage.
2. List the two opposing sets of arguments (supporting points) presented in the passage.
3. Based on the text, what is the author's proposed solution regarding AI development?
答案：1. The main argument is that a balanced approach is needed to harness AI's potential while mitigating its risks.
2. The two opposing sets of arguments are:
a. Arguments for AI development: It can enhance efficiency in fields like healthcare and transportation.
b. Arguments against AI development: Concerns about job displacement, algorithmic bias, and loss of human control have emerged, and some believe ethical guidelines are essential.
3. The author proposes a balanced approach to develop AI, which involves harnessing its potential while implementing measures to mitigate its risks.
解析：本题综合考查阅读策略中的‘识别主旨’（考点2）和‘分析文章结构’（考点3）。第1题要求学生定位并概括主题句（末句），考查主旨概括能力，易错点在于将中间细节（如AI的优点）误认为主旨。第2题要求梳理正反论据，考查对议论文结构的把握，易错点是遗漏‘效率提升’这一正面论据或混淆论据与论点。第3题考查对作者结论的提取，答案直接出自末句。解题需通读全文，把握‘提出问题-分析正反观点-提出解决方案’的议论结构。
8解答题
根据括号内的中文提示，完成下列句子，并针对划线部分进行短文改错（每句仅有一处错误）。
1. 没人知道他为什么突然改变了主意。 (名词性从句)
Nobody knows __________ he suddenly changed his mind.
2. 被邀请参加这次科学竞赛的学生们正在实验室里努力工作。(非谓语动词)
The students __________ to participate in the science competition are working hard in the lab.
3. 如果他昨天听了我的建议，他就不会犯这个错误了。(虚拟语气)
If he __________ my advice yesterday, he wouldn't have made that mistake.
4. 改错：The news which the astronaut has returned safely are encouraging to all of us.
答案：1. why
解析：空格引导宾语从句，且在从句中作原因状语，表示‘为什么’，故用why。
2. invited / who were invited
解析：‘学生’与‘邀请’之间为被动关系，且此处作后置定语，可用过去分词短语‘invited...’或定语从句‘who were invited...’。非谓语动词是核心考点。
3. had followed / had taken
解析：根据‘yesterday’和主句‘wouldn't have made’可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语应用过去完成时（had + 过去分词）。
4. 改错：将‘are’改为‘is’。
解析：主语‘The news’是不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式is。此题考查主谓一致性（考点4），易错点是被‘which’引导的定语从句干扰，误将‘astronaut’视为真正的主语。
解析：本题为综合解答题，融合了多个核心考点。第1题考查名词性从句中连接词的选择（考点1），需分析从句缺状语成分，故用why而非that。第2题考查非谓语动词作定语（课程课题详情中的考点），需判断逻辑主语与动词的被动关系。第3题考查虚拟语气（课程课题详情中的重点），需根据时间状语‘yesterday’和主句形式判断为与过去事实相反的假设。第4题为短文改错，聚焦一致性错误中的主谓一致（考点4），主语‘The news’为不可数名词是关键。整体难度呈梯度，前两题基础，第3题中档，第4题综合考查语法细节。