1选择题
— What do you think of the new environmental protection policy?
— Well, ________ we take immediate action, we will lose the chance to save the endangered species in this area.
- A. when
- B. while
- C. as
- D. unless
答案：D
解析：本题考查状语从句连词在环境保护情境中的辨析。句意：“——你认为新的环保政策怎么样？——嗯，除非我们立即采取行动，否则我们将失去拯救该地区濒危物种的机会。”
A. when 当……时候，引导时间状语从句；B. while 在……期间，当……时候，引导时间状语从句；C. as 当……时，随着，引导时间状语从句；D. unless 除非，如果不，引导条件状语从句。
根据句意“如果我们不立即行动，就会失去机会”，表示否定的条件，unless = if...not，符合语境。A、B、C三项均引导时间状语从句，与上下文逻辑不符。
易错点：容易忽略unless的否定含义，或误将前后句理解为时间关系而错选A/B/C。
故选D。
2选择题
The local government has decided to build a new nature reserve in the area ________ many rare birds were first discovered by scientists.
- A. which
- B. where
- C. when
- D. why
答案：B
解析：本题考查定语从句关系副词的选用。题干意为：当地政府决定在该区域建立一个新的自然保护区，许多珍稀鸟类最初就是在那里被科学家发现的。分析句子结构，先行词是"the area"（地点），定语从句"many rare birds were first discovered by scientists"主谓宾完整（主语：many rare birds；谓语：were discovered；方式状语：by scientists），缺少的是地点状语，因此应使用关系副词where。选项A which为关系代词，在从句中需作主语或宾语，此处不适用；选项C when表时间，选项D why表原因，均与先行词"area"的地点属性不符。故选B。
3选择题
—The local government ________ taken great steps to protect the wetland ecosystem since the new environmental policy came into effect. —Yes, and the water quality has improved significantly so far. The underlined word "so far" is a key clue to the tense used in the first sentence. Which of the following correctly completes the first sentence?
答案：A
解析：本题考查现在完成时的标志词识别。题干中第一句的“since the new environmental policy came into effect”（自从新环保政策生效以来）是现在完成时的典型时间状语，表示从过去某一时间点开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。同时，第二句中的“so far”（到目前为止）也与现在完成时连用。现在完成时的结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语“The local government”为第三人称单数，因此助动词应用“has”。选项B“had”为过去完成时，用于“过去的过去”，此处无此语境；选项C“is”和D“was”为一般现在时和一般过去时，均不符合“since...”和“so far”所要求的时态。故选A。
4选择题
The research team finally identified the cause of the unusual fish deaths. It was ________ the sudden change in water temperature ________ led to the mass mortality of the fish in the river. Complete the sentence with the correct emphatic structure.
- A. because; that
- B. that; which
- C. because; which
- D. that; that
答案：A
解析：本题考查强调句型“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 剩余部分”。句意为“研究团队最终查明了鱼类异常死亡的原因。正是水温的突然变化导致了河中鱼类的大量死亡。”。本句强调的是原因状语“because of the sudden change in water temperature”。在强调句型中，无论被强调部分是人还是物，连接词通常用“that”，但在强调原因状语时，有时可用“because”来引导被强调部分，以更清晰地表明强调的是原因，且整个结构“It was because... that...”是强调原因状语的常见形式。选项B和C中的“which”不能用于强调句型；选项D中第二个“that”虽然可以用于强调句型，但第一个“that”与“because of...”搭配不当，且不如“because”直接强调原因清晰。因此，最符合强调句型结构和语境的是A选项。故选A。
5填空题
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Amazon rainforest, often called the "lungs of the Earth", plays a vital role in regulating our planet's climate. Scientists warn that deforestation, (1)________ is mainly driven by agriculture and logging, is releasing vast amounts of stored carbon dioxide. This process not only accelerates global warming but also destroys countless species' habitats. (2)________ (we) should take immediate action to protect this precious ecosystem. One effective measure is to support sustainable farming practices, (3)________ can help reduce the pressure on forestland. The fact (4)________ indigenous communities have lived in harmony with the rainforest for centuries reminds us of the importance of traditional ecological knowledge. What conservationists are advocating is (5)________ stricter laws must be enforced to prevent illegal logging.
答案：(1) which
(2) We
(3) which
(4) that
(5) that
解析：本题综合考查定语从句、名词性从句和基础语法。
(1) 处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词deforestation，从句缺少主语，指物，故填which。
(2) 处作句子主语，需用人称代词主格We，注意句首大写。
(3) 处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句内容（支持可持续农业），并在从句中作主语，故填which。
(4) 引导同位语从句，解释说明the fact的具体内容，从句成分完整，不缺意义，故填that。
(5) 引导表语从句，说明advocating的具体内容，从句成分完整，故填that。
易错点：(1) 和 (3) 易混淆which与as，但此处均无“正如”之意；(4) 和 (5) 易误填what，需判断从句是否缺少成分。
6解答题
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom来信询问你所在城市（广西南宁）在环境保护方面的举措。请你根据以下要点给他写一封回信：
1. 政府采取的措施（如垃圾分类、推广新能源公交）；
2. 市民参与的环保活动（如植树、减少使用一次性塑料）；
3. 你对此的个人看法。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Tom,
I'm glad to hear from you. You asked about the environmental protection efforts in my city, Nanning. Let me share some details with you.
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Best wishes,
Li Hua
答案：Dear Tom,
I'm glad to hear from you. You asked about the environmental protection efforts in my city, Nanning. Let me share some details with you.
The local government has implemented several measures to protect the environment. For instance, a comprehensive garbage sorting system has been introduced in residential areas, which encourages people to recycle waste. Additionally, more and more electric buses are being used to replace traditional diesel ones, significantly reducing air pollution.
As for citizens, many actively participate in green activities. Volunteers often organize tree-planting events in the suburbs, especially during the spring. Moreover, a growing number of people are choosing to use reusable bags and bottles to cut down on single-use plastics.
From my perspective, these efforts are crucial for building a sustainable city. While challenges remain, I believe that with continuous government support and public awareness, Nanning will become even greener. I feel proud of our city's progress.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
解析：本题考查应用文写作能力，要求在自然生态与环境保护情境下，综合运用所学语言知识进行书面表达。
写作要点：
1. 内容完整性：必须涵盖政府措施、市民活动和个人看法三个要点。
2. 语言准确性：正确使用本册重点语法，如定语从句（如‘which encourages...’）、非谓语动词（如‘to protect...’）、名词性从句（如‘I believe that...’）等，避免时态、主谓一致等错误。
3. 逻辑连贯性：使用恰当的连接词（如For instance, Additionally, Moreover, From my perspective）使行文流畅。
4. 交际得体性：符合书信格式，语气友好。
易错点：要点遗漏；中式英语表达；语法错误（如定语从句关系词误用、非谓语逻辑主语不清）；格式不规范。
7解答题
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容和括号内所给动词提示，用其正确形式填空，使短文意思完整、通顺。（注意：每空一词，每词限用一次）
Protecting the environment is everyone's responsibility. (1) ________ (take) action to reduce pollution is the first step. For example, if we (2) ________ (be) more careful with our daily habits, we could make a big difference. Many people suggest that individuals (3) ________ (start) by recycling plastic bottles. However, some waste, like electronic devices, (4) ________ (require) special handling. Last year, our community launched a campaign, and thousands of old batteries (5) ________ (collect) safely. It is important to remember that (6) ________ (save) the Earth for future generations is our shared goal.
答案：(1) Taking (2) were (3) (should) start (4) requires (5) were collected (6) saving
解析：本题综合考查非谓语动词、虚拟语气和被动语态在环保语境中的应用。
(1) 句子缺少主语，用动名词Taking作主语，表示一般性活动。
(2) 此处为与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，if从句用一般过去时，主语为we，故用were。
(3) suggest后接宾语从句，从句谓语用“(should+)动词原形”表示建议，故填(should) start。
(4) 主语some waste为不可数名词，且描述一般事实，用一般现在时第三人称单数requires。
(5) 主语thousands of old batteries与动词collect是被动关系，且时间为Last year，故用一般过去时的被动语态were collected。
(6) 动词save在that引导的主语从句中作主语，表示一般性行为，用动名词saving。
易错点：(2)容易误用was；(3)容易漏掉should或误用其他形式；(5)容易忽略被动语态或时态错误。
8解答题
根据提示，将下列句子改写为含有定语从句的复合句，注意关系词的正确使用。
1. The research center is located in a remote mountain area. Scientists are studying the migration patterns of endangered animals there.
2. He will never forget the day. He participated in the tree-planting activity for the first time on that day.
答案：1. The research center is located in a remote mountain area where scientists are studying the migration patterns of endangered animals.
2. He will never forget the day when he participated in the tree-planting activity for the first time.
解析：本题综合考查关系副词where和when在定语从句中的运用。
第1题：第一个句子的先行词是"a remote mountain area"（地点），第二个句子中"there"指代该地点，且在从句"Scientists are studying..."中作地点状语（主语：Scientists；谓语：are studying；宾语：the migration patterns...），因此使用关系副词where引导定语从句。
第2题：第一个句子的先行词是"the day"（时间），第二个句子中"on that day"指代该时间，且在从句"He participated..."中作时间状语（主语：He；谓语：participated；介词短语：for the first time），因此使用关系副词when引导定语从句。
易错点：1. 误将先行词后的从句成分判断为缺少主语或宾语，从而误用which/that。需牢记：若从句主谓宾/主系表结构完整，且先行词表时间、地点、原因，则优先考虑关系副词。2. 混淆where与in which的用法，where是更简洁的表达。