1选择题
---Wow, the air in the countryside is so fresh! The government has been working hard to improve the environment ________ years. ---Yes, and people ________ to plant more trees since last spring.
- A. for; have been encouraged
- B. since; have encouraged
- C. for; have encouraged
- D. since; have been encouraged
答案:A
解析:本题综合考查现在完成时与for/since的连用以及被动语态,情境为环境保护。
1. 第一空:考查for与since的用法区别。“years”是时间段,应与“for”连用,表示“持续数年”。易错点:误将“years”视为时间点而用“since”。
2. 第二空:考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意为“人们从上个春天起就一直被鼓励去种更多的树”。“people”与“encourage”之间是被动关系(人们被鼓励),且动作从过去持续到现在,应用现在完成时的被动语态(have/has been + done)。易错点:误用主动语态have encouraged,或忽略时态用一般现在时are encouraged。
综上,正确答案为A。
2选择题
—Do you prefer ________ in the countryside or in the city?
—Well, I'd rather ________ in the city because there are more job opportunities.
- A. to live; live
- B. living; to live
- C. to live; to live
- D. living; live
答案:D
解析:本题综合考查prefer和would rather的用法,语境涉及居住环境选择。第一个空考查'prefer doing sth.',表示一般性的偏好,故用living。第二个空考查'would rather do sth.',后接动词原形,故用live。因此正确答案为D。易错点:1) 混淆'prefer to do'和'prefer doing'的用法,误选A或C;2) 不知道'would rather'后必须接动词原形,误选B;3) 受中文思维影响,在'rather'后误加'to'。解析结论与正确选项一致,故选D。
3选择题
—Could you tell me ________? I need to discuss the recycling plan with her. —Sorry, I don’t know. Maybe she is in the school garden planting trees.
- A. where is our teacher
- B. where our teacher is
- C. where was our teacher
- D. where our teacher was
答案:B
解析:本题考查宾语从句的语序和时态。根据答句‘Maybe she is in the school garden...’可知,从句应用一般现在时,且主句‘Could you tell me’虽用could表示礼貌,但从句时态应根据实际情况确定,此处表示现在的情况。宾语从句必须用陈述语序,排除A、C。D项为过去时,与语境不符。故选B。易错点:受主句could影响误选过去时D,或习惯性使用疑问语序选A。
4填空题
The government has taken action to protect the environment. Many old factories ________ (close) down since last year to reduce pollution. Local people ________ (encourage) to sort their waste into different bins recently.
答案:have been closed; have been encouraged
解析:本题考查现在完成时的被动语态,与环保情境结合。第一句主语'Many old factories'是动作'close'的承受者,且时间状语'since last year'提示用现在完成时,被动语态结构为'have been + 过去分词',主语为复数,故填have been closed。第二句主语'Local people'是动作'encourage'的承受者,时间状语'recently'提示用现在完成时,主语为复数,故填have been encouraged。易错点:1) 忽略'since last year'和'recently'的时间提示,误用一般过去时;2) 现在完成时被动语态中忘记使用have/has been结构,直接写过去分词;3) 主谓不一致,将have误用为has。
5填空题
阅读下面短文,根据上下文和首字母提示,在空白处填入一个适当的单词,使短文意思完整、连贯。
Today, more and more people are realizing the importance of protecting our environment. We are supposed to do something in our daily life to save the earth. For example, we should r______ (1) plastic bags and use cloth bags instead. Also, we should try to save water and e______ (2). If everyone plays a part, our planet will become a better place. ________ (3) we can start small, we can make a big difference. Remember, protecting the environment is not just the government's job; it is everyone's r______ (4).
答案:1. recycle
2. electricity
3. Although/Though
4. responsibility
解析:本题为环保主题的短文填空,综合考查词汇、语法和篇章理解。
1. 根据语境‘我们应该______塑料袋,使用布袋代替’,结合首字母r,应填recycle(回收利用),与环保主题一致。
2. 根据‘节省水和______’,结合首字母e,应填electricity(电),是常见环保行为。
3. 此处引导让步状语从句,表示‘尽管我们能从小事做起,也能产生巨大影响’,结合首字母A/T,填Although或Though。考查逻辑衔接词,易错点:忽略上下文逻辑关系,误用But或So。
4. 根据‘保护环境是每个人的______’,结合首字母r,应填responsibility(责任)。考查名词在语境中的运用。
整体解析:本题将环保话题与语言知识考查结合,要求学生在理解文章主旨(呼吁个人参与环保)的基础上,运用词汇和语法知识完成填写。易错点包括拼写错误、忽略上下文逻辑(如第3空)以及词汇选择不当(如第1空可能误用reduce)。
6解答题
根据所给中文提示,完成英语句子(每空一词)。注意:本题侧重于语法结构的准确运用,尤其是时态和从句。
1. 这部纪录片展示了人类活动如何影响自然,它已经播出三个小时了。(现在完成进行时)
The documentary shows how human activities affect nature. It ________ ________ ________ for three hours.
2. 制定更严格的规则能让人们减少浪费,从而保护我们共同的家园。(make + 宾语 + 动词原形)
Making stricter rules ________ people ________ less waste, thus protecting our shared home.
3. 那些为环保做出巨大贡献的人们值得我们学习。(定语从句)
People ________ have made great contributions to environmental protection are worth learning from.
答案:1. has been airing / has been broadcasting
2. makes; produce / create
3. who
解析:本题综合考查初三上册核心语法点,结合环保情境。
1. 考查现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)。根据语境“已经播出三个小时了”,强调动作从过去持续到现在,且可能继续,应用现在完成进行时。动词“播出”可用air或broadcast。易错点:误用现在完成时has aired(强调结果而非持续过程)或构成形式错误(如has been aired)。
2. 考查“make + 宾语 + 动词原形”结构。句意为“制定规则让人们减少浪费”,“make”在此作使役动词,后接省略to的不定式。易错点:在动词原形前误加“to”。
3. 考查定语从句关系代词选择。先行词“People”指人,且在从句中作主语,应用关系代词“who”。易错点:误用“which”指人,或误用“whose”表所有格。
7解答题
阅读下面短文,根据上下文和括号内的提示词,用正确的时态和语态补全句子,使短文意思完整、逻辑通顺。
Last Friday, our class went to the river near our school for an environmental investigation. When we arrived, we were shocked to find that the water looked very dirty. Our monitor, Li Ming, said that the river ________ (pollute) seriously over the past few years. He added that we ________ (should, take) action to protect it immediately. After discussing, we decided to write a report to the local government. We hope our suggestions ________ (accept) and that the river ________ (become) clean again in the future.
答案:1. had been polluted
2. should take
3. will be accepted
4. will become
解析:本题综合考查时态(过去完成时、一般将来时)、情态动词(should)和被动语态在语境中的运用。
1. 根据时间状语‘over the past few years’(在过去几年里),且主句‘said’为过去时,表示‘过去的过去’,故用过去完成时的被动语态(had been polluted)。
2. ‘should’后接动词原形,表示‘应该采取’,用should take。
3. 主语‘our suggestions’与动词accept之间是被动关系,且根据上下文‘We hope...’可知是对将来的希望,故用一般将来时的被动语态(will be accepted)。
4. 根据‘in the future’和‘become’为不及物动词,此处表示‘将会变得’,用一般将来时主动语态(will become)。
易错点:1. 忽略‘过去的过去’时间参照,误用一般过去时(polluted)或一般现在时(pollutes);2. ‘should’后误用to take或taking;3. 被动语态中遗漏be动词或时态错误(如用are accepted);4. ‘become’在将来时中误用be going to结构,虽然语法正确,但结合前文‘will be accepted’,用‘will become’更符合语篇的连贯性和正式性。
8解答题
请根据括号内的中文提示,用英语完成句子,每空一词。
1. 在一些西方国家,客人被期望在进门时脱掉鞋子。
In some Western countries, guests ________ ________ ________ take off their shoes when entering a house.
2. 当我们到达电影院时,电影已经开始十分钟了。
________ ________ ________ we got to the cinema, the film ________ ________ ________ for ten minutes.
答案:1. are supposed to
2. By the time; had been on
解析:1. 本题考查‘be supposed to do’的用法,表示‘被期望,应该’。主语‘guests’是复数,且描述一般规则,应用一般现在时,故填are supposed to。易错点:学生可能误用被动语态或忘记to后接动词原形。
2. 本题考查‘by the time’引导时间状语从句及过去完成时。第一空填By the time,表示‘在……之前’。主句动作‘电影开始’发生在从句‘到达’之前,且持续了十分钟,故主句用过去完成时,且谓语动词需表示状态,用had been on。易错点:学生可能误用before或until,或时态错误(如用过去时),或动词错误(如用started,无法与for ten minutes搭配)。