1选择题
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
With the rapid development of technology, the internet has become an essential part of our daily lives. It has changed the way we communicate, work, and learn. However, it also brings some environmental challenges. For example, the production of electronic devices consumes a large amount of energy and resources. The discarded devices, known as e-waste, can pollute the soil and water if not handled properly. Therefore, many experts suggest that we should recycle old electronics and support companies that use renewable energy in their production. As is often pointed out, a sustainable future depends on the choices we make today.
- A. which
- B. that
- C. what
- D. as
答案：D
解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法。空格位于句首，引导一个非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个主句“a sustainable future depends on the choices we make today”的内容。从句意为“正如经常被指出的”，表示“正如”的含义，且常与point out, know, see等动词连用，此时应使用as引导。which也可指代整个主句，但通常位于主句之后，且没有“正如”的含义。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。what引导名词性从句，不用于定语从句。因此，最佳选项是D。故选D。
2选择题
The ancient forest, __________ rare species of birds have been living for centuries, is now under the protection of the local government.
- A. which
- B. where
- C. when
- D. why
答案：B
解析：本题考查定语从句关系副词的选用。分析从句结构："rare species of birds have been living for centuries"是一个完整的句子（主语+rare species of birds，谓语+have been living，时间状语+for centuries），不缺少主语或宾语，因此关系词在从句中作状语。先行词是"The ancient forest"，表示地点，从句意为“稀有鸟类物种在此生活了数个世纪”，关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此应选用关系副词where。A项which是关系代词，在从句中作主语或宾语，不符合从句结构；C项when表时间，D项why表原因，均与先行词“森林”这一地点不符。故选B。
3选择题
The old temple, ________ has stood in the village for over 500 years, attracts many tourists every year, especially those who are interested in history.
- A. which
- B. that
- C. it
- D. what
答案：A
解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句中关系代词的选择。句子主语是“The old temple”，后面有逗号隔开，且从句“has stood in the village for over 500 years”对先行词“the old temple”进行补充说明，因此是一个非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，指代物时只能用which，不能用that，故A正确。B项that不能引导非限制性定语从句；C项it是代词，不能引导从句；D项what不能引导定语从句。易错点在于学生容易忽略逗号的存在，误判为限制性定语从句而选择that，或误用it充当关系代词。本题结合了自然生态与环境保护情境（古建筑保护与旅游），并考查了定语从句这一本册重点语法。故选A。
4填空题
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
To protect the local ecosystem, the community has started a new project. ________ (volunteer) for the river cleanup every Saturday morning is a regular activity for many residents. The project leader suggests that everyone ________ (bring) their own reusable bags and gloves. As time goes by, more and more young people are joining in. If the project ________ (be) not successful last year, they would not have expanded it this year. The organizers always send ________ (they) latest reports to all the participants, keeping everyone informed.
答案：1. Volunteering
2. (should) bring
3. had not been
4. their
解析：本题综合考查非谓语动词、虚拟语气、动词短语及代词。1. 考查动名词作主语，表示习惯性活动，应填Volunteering。2. 考查suggest后接宾语从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用(should)+动词原形，故填(should) bring。3. 考查与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，if从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done，故填had not been。4. 考查形容词性物主代词修饰名词reports，应填their。易错点：1. 误用动词原形作主语；2. 在suggest后误用动词不定式；3. 虚拟语气时态判断错误，误用一般过去时；4. 误用宾格代词them。
5解答题
请根据中文提示，用括号内所给单词的适当形式或相关语法知识完成句子，使句子完整、准确。
1. 保护濒危物种是每个人的责任，我们（should）采取行动。
Protecting endangered species is everyone's responsibility, and we ________ take action.
2. 那个正在为环保项目做志愿者的女孩，她的名字叫李华，来自我们学校。
The girl ________ is volunteering for the environmental project is Li Hua from our school.
3. 我们都知道，（正如）空气污染对健康有害，这是一个事实。
Air pollution is harmful to health, ________ we all know, and it is a fact.
4. 令我们惊讶的是，（什么）政府公布的数据显示环境正在改善。
To our surprise, ________ the government has released shows that the environment is improving.
答案：1. should
解析：此处表示建议或责任，使用情态动词should后接动词原形take，构成“should take action”表示“应该采取行动”。
2. who/that
解析：先行词“The girl”指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，故使用关系代词who或that引导定语从句。
3. as
解析：此处需要一个关系代词指代整个主句“Air pollution is harmful to health”，并引导非限制性定语从句，且从句意为“正如我们都知道的”，常用结构为“as we all know”，故填as。
4. what
解析：分析从句“________ the government has released shows that...”，从句“the government has released”缺少宾语（released what?），需要what在从句中充当宾语，意为“...的数据/东西”，并引导主语从句。
解析：本题综合考查本册多个核心语法点：情态动词should的用法、定语从句关系代词的选择、非限制性定语从句中as的用法以及名词性从句中what与that的区别。
1. 考查情态动词should表建议。易错点：学生可能忽略情态动词后必须接动词原形，误写为should takes。
2. 考查限制性定语从句关系代词。易错点：学生可能误用which（指物）或whom（作宾语）。先行词是人且从句缺主语，故用who/that。
3. 考查非限制性定语从句。易错点：学生可能误用which或that。as在此引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”之意，且常与know, see等动词连用，是固定用法。
4. 考查名词性从句。易错点：学生可能误用that。that在名词性从句中不作成分，而此处从句“the government has released”明显缺少宾语，故用what作宾语并引导主语从句。
6解答题
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom来信询问你所在城市的环境保护情况。请你根据以下要点给他写一封回信：
1. 介绍一项你参与或了解的环保活动（如植树、垃圾分类等）。
2. 说明这项活动的意义。
3. 表达你对环境保护的看法。
注意：
1. 词数100左右。
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Tom,
I'm glad to hear from you. You asked about environmental protection in my city.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
答案：Dear Tom,
I'm glad to hear from you. You asked about environmental protection in my city.
Recently, our school organized a volunteer activity to plant trees on the hill near our community. Volunteering for this meaningful event was a great experience. We were advised to wear old clothes and bring our own tools. As we worked together, I realized how important it is to protect our green spaces. If we hadn't taken action, the hill would have remained barren. The organizers often send us photos showing how the trees are growing, which makes us proud.
I believe that protecting the environment is everyone's responsibility. Small actions, like planting a tree or reducing waste, can make a big difference.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
解析：本题考查学生在真实情境（环保话题）中综合运用英语进行书面表达的能力，涵盖本册多个考点。1. 内容要点需完整覆盖活动介绍、意义和观点。2. 语言运用需体现本册重点：如使用动名词作主语（Volunteering for...）、虚拟语气（If we hadn't taken action...）、定语从句（showing how...）、动词短语（send us photos）以及正确的时态和语态。易错点：1. 要点遗漏，如未说明活动意义或个人看法；2. 语法错误，如非谓语动词使用不当、虚拟语气结构错误；3. 逻辑不清，行文不连贯；4. 词数控制不当。写作时应确保语法准确，内容充实，并自然地融入所学语法知识。
7解答题
为响应学校“保护湿地，守护家园”的倡议，高一（3）班计划下周六组织一次前往城郊湿地公园的环保实践活动。活动内容包括：1. 观察记录湿地鸟类；2. 清理公园步道旁的垃圾；3. 向游客分发自制的环保宣传手册。请根据以上信息，用英语完成以下任务：
1. 将下列活动安排信息改写为否定句和一般疑问句（每空一词）。
原句：We collected plastic waste along the boardwalk last time.
否定句：We ________ ________ plastic waste along the boardwalk last time.
一般疑问句：________ you ________ plastic waste along the boardwalk last time?
2. 根据语境，用所给动词的适当形式填空，说明已确定的计划。
Look! The notice says the bus for the wetland park ________ (leave) at 8 a.m. next Saturday.
3. 将以下两个句子合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句。
The wetland park is a peaceful place. Many migratory birds rest there in winter.
答案：1. 否定句：We didn't collect plastic waste along the boardwalk last time.
一般疑问句：Did you collect plastic waste along the boardwalk last time?
2. Look! The notice says the bus for the wetland park is leaving at 8 a.m. next Saturday.
3. The wetland park is a peaceful place where many migratory birds rest in winter.
解析：本题综合考查一般过去时的句型转换、现在进行时表示将来以及定语从句关系副词的运用，情境紧扣自然生态保护。
1. 一般过去时肯定句变否定句和一般疑问句需借助助动词did，并将动词过去式“collected”还原为原形“collect”。否定句在didn't后加动词原形；一般疑问句将Did提到句首，动词用原形。易错点：忘记还原动词原形，或疑问句语序错误。
2. 根据语境“Look! The notice says...”以及明确的将来时间“next Saturday”，此处表示通知上已确定的、按计划进行的安排，应用现在进行时表将来，结构为“be doing”。主语“the bus”为单数，故填“is leaving”。易错点：仅根据“next Saturday”就使用一般将来时will leave，忽略了“通知/日程表”所表达的“确定计划”这一语境要求。
3. 合并句子时，需确定先行词为“a peaceful place”（地点），从句“Many migratory birds rest there in winter”中主谓宾完整，缺少地点状语，因此用关系副词where引导定语从句，并将“there”省略。合并后为“The wetland park is a peaceful place where many migratory birds rest in winter.”。易错点：误用关系代词which（因为从句不缺主语或宾语），或误用when（先行词是地点而非时间）。
8解答题
假定你是李华，你所在的国际交流学校正在举办以“绿色校园，保护自然”为主题的英语征文活动。请你根据以下要点写一篇短文投稿：
1. 简要描述一个你所了解的自然环境问题（如水污染、森林砍伐等）；
2. 分析该问题产生的原因（至少两点）；
3. 提出解决问题的具体建议（至少两条）。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to share my thoughts on environmental protection.
答案：Dear Editor,
I’m writing to share my thoughts on environmental protection. One of the most serious problems we face today is water pollution. Factories often pour waste water directly into rivers, and some people throw rubbish into them, making the water dirty and harmful to both wildlife and humans.
To solve this problem, first, the government should make stricter laws to punish those who pollute water sources. Second, we should raise public awareness about the importance of clean water through education campaigns. As students, we can start by saving water in our daily life and avoiding using products that contain harmful chemicals.
Only by working together can we protect our precious natural resources and create a greener campus and world.
Yours,
Li Hua
解析：本题考查学生综合运用英语进行书面表达的能力，特别是围绕“自然生态与环境保护”情境，进行问题描述、原因分析和提出建议的逻辑推理与语言组织能力。题目要求紧扣教材中强调的句子结构和语法知识（如非谓语动词作状语、强调句型等）在写作中的应用。易错点在于：1. 描述问题过于笼统，缺乏具体事例支撑；2. 原因分析与建议之间逻辑脱节，或建议不够具体、可操作性不强；3. 语言表达中可能出现时态混乱（如该用现在完成时描述持续影响时误用一般过去时）或句式单一的问题。解题时应先确定一个具体的环境问题（如水污染、森林砍伐），然后围绕该问题展开，确保原因与建议对应，并尝试使用不同的句式（如It is important for us to...，非谓语动词作状语等）来提升文章质量。