1选择题
The historic temple, which was built in the Ming Dynasty, _______ (repair) and will reopen to visitors next month.
- A. is being repaired
- B. has been repaired
- C. was repaired
- D. repaired
答案：B
解析：本题考查现在完成时的被动语态（have/has been done）。根据时间状语‘and will reopen to visitors next month’可知，‘repair’这个动作发生在过去，且对现在产生了影响（即修复工作已经完成，为下月重新开放做好了准备），强调动作的完成和结果，因此应用现在完成时。主语‘The historic temple’与动词‘repair’之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。主语为单数，助动词用has。A选项为现在进行时被动语态，表示正在进行，与‘will reopen’的未来结果矛盾；C选项为一般过去时被动语态，仅强调过去发生的动作，未体现与现在的关联；D选项为主动语态，与主语构成被动关系，语法错误。故选B。
2选择题
— What do you think of the plan?
— If I _______ you, I would accept it without hesitation.
答案：B
解析：本题考查虚拟语气在条件句中的应用（与现在事实相反）。关键步骤：1. 判断虚拟类型：根据语境“如果我是你”，可知说话者并非对方，与现在事实相反。2. 确定从句时态：与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句动词用一般过去时，be动词在正式语境和虚拟语气中常用 were。3. 主句时态：主句 would accept 已给出，符合 would + 动词原形的结构。因此，从句应填 were。易错点：1. 在非正式口语或写作中，受母语影响误用 was（选项C）。2. 混淆虚拟语气与真实条件句，误用 am（选项A）。故选B。
3选择题
Read the following passage and choose the best answer for each blank.
The exploration of Mars has long been a goal for space agencies worldwide. The ultimate objective is not just to send robotic probes, but to establish a human settlement on the Red Planet. This ambition raises profound questions. _______ (1) _______ should be selected for the first mission? What psychological and physical challenges _______ (2) _______ the pioneers face? These are not merely technical issues; they involve deep ethical considerations.
1. A. Who B. Whom C. Whoever D. Whomever
2. A. will B. would C. shall D. should
- A. 1. Who 2. will
- B. 1. Whom 2. would
- C. 1. Whoever 2. shall
- D. 1. Whomever 2. should
答案：A
解析：本题在语篇中综合考查名词性从句连接词和情态动词的用法，符合“概念辨析优先”和“纯学科情境”的命题要求。
第(1)空：分析句子结构，“_______ should be selected...”是一个独立的句子，但结合上下文语义，它是在提出一个具体问题，因此可以视为一个省略了主语的疑问句，或者理解为宾语从句的一部分（What questions are raised? Who should be selected...）。此处需要疑问代词作主语，指代“人”，且在从句中作主语，故用Who。A项Who正确。B项Whom作宾语，此处从句缺主语，故排除。C项Whoever（无论谁）和D项Whomever（无论谁，宾格）引导名词性从句，常表示泛指，与上下文提出具体、明确问题的语境不符。
第(2)空：句子“What psychological and physical challenges _______ the pioneers face?”是上文“profound questions”的具体内容之一。此处是直接引述问题，用一般将来时表示将来要面对的挑战，语气直接、客观。A项will正确。B项would常用于虚拟或委婉语气；C项shall用于第一人称征求意见或表示规定；D项should表示“应该”，均与直接、客观地提出未来问题的语境不符。
易错点：1. 混淆Who和Whom在从句中的成分功能；2. 在陈述未来客观事实或可能性时，误用would等虚拟或委婉语气词。结论：故选A。
4填空题
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The fact _______ the earth is not the center of the universe was hard for people to accept in ancient times. _______ (science) discoveries often challenge long-held beliefs. It is important _______ we keep an open mind and base our opinions on evidence. No one can deny _______ Galileo’s observations proved crucial in changing our understanding of the cosmos.
答案：1. that 2. Scientific 3. that 4. that
解析：
1. 考查名词性从句（同位语从句）。先行词“The fact”后接同位语从句，解释说明“fact”的具体内容，且从句成分完整（主语the earth，谓语is，表语the center...），故用that引导，that在从句中不作成分。
2. 考查词性转换。此处需要形容词作定语，修饰名词“discoveries”，故将名词science变为形容词Scientific。
3. 考查主语从句。It is important that...是固定句型，其中It为形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。
4. 考查宾语从句。动词deny后接宾语从句，从句“Galileo’s observations proved crucial...”成分完整，故用that引导，that在从句中不作成分。
解析：本题综合考查名词性从句（同位语从句、主语从句、宾语从句）中连接词that的用法，以及词性转换。易错点在于：1. 混淆定语从句与同位语从句，误将此处的that判断为关系代词；2. 在成分完整的从句中，受思维定式影响，想当然地使用what，而忽略了what必须在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分。解题关键始终是分析从句句子成分是否完整。
5解答题
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Chris在邮件中提到他对中国的传统节日很感兴趣，但不太了解它们与现代生活的关系。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 介绍一个你熟悉且仍具有现代意义的传统节日；
2. 说明该节日在当代社会中的主要庆祝方式或价值。
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris,
It's great to hear from you! You mentioned your interest in Chinese traditional festivals and their relevance today.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
答案：Dear Chris,
It's great to hear from you! You mentioned your interest in Chinese traditional festivals and their relevance today.
I'd like to introduce the Mid-Autumn Festival, which falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. Traditionally, it's a time for family reunions and appreciating the full moon. In modern society, this core value remains strong. People still gather to share mooncakes and enjoy the moon, even if some family members are far away, thanks to video calls. Besides, the festival has become a public holiday, giving people a precious chance to take a break from busy work and strengthen family bonds. It reminds us of the importance of family and gratitude in our fast-paced life.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
解析：本题考查建议信的写作，但将情境转化为介绍与建议相结合，重点考查学生运用英语描述文化现象并阐释其现代价值的能力，契合‘Unit 3 Diverse Cultures’与‘Unit 5 The Value of Money’中关于文化价值探讨的主题。写作时需注意：1. 结构清晰：开头呼应来信，正文分点阐述（节日介绍+现代意义），结尾礼貌收束。2. 内容具体：节日名称、时间、传统习俗（如赏月、吃月饼）需明确，并说明这些习俗如何适应现代生活（如视频通话团聚、公共假期带来的休息）。3. 语言得体：使用描述性语言，避免命令式语气。易错点：内容空泛，只谈节日不谈现代关系；结构混乱；中式英语表达。
6解答题
请根据括号内的提示，将下列句子改写为含有非限制性定语从句的复合句，保持原意不变。每空一词。
1. The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional Chinese holiday. On this day, families gather to appreciate the full moon.
改写：The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional Chinese holiday _______ families gather to appreciate the full moon.
2. He recommended a new restaurant to us. We had never heard of it before.
改写：He recommended a new restaurant to us, _______ we had never heard of before.
答案：1. when (或 on which)
2. which (或 that)
解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句关系词的选择。第1句中，从句‘families gather...’缺少时间状语，且与主句为补充说明关系，故用关系副词when或‘介词+which’结构（on which）。第2句中，从句‘we had never heard of...’缺少宾语，指代先行词‘a new restaurant’（物），故用关系代词which或that。
易错点：学生易忽略逗号形式标志，误用限制性定语从句的关系词；或在第1句中误用which替代when，未分析从句成分（需要状语而非主语/宾语）。
7解答题
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的概要。要求使用自己的语言对原文进行概括，不得直接抄写原文句子。
原文：Many people believe that studying abroad is the best way to learn a foreign language. They argue that being surrounded by native speakers forces you to practice constantly. However, others point out that with the development of technology, you can now create an immersive language environment at home. For example, you can communicate with native speakers online or watch movies in the target language. Both methods have their own advantages, but the key factor is the learner's motivation and consistent effort.
答案：The text presents two views on learning a foreign language. Some hold that studying abroad is the most effective method due to constant immersion. In contrast, others contend that technological advancements allow learners to simulate an immersive environment at home. The author concludes that regardless of the method chosen, a learner's motivation and persistent practice are crucial.
解析：本题考查概要写作能力，要求准确提取原文主旨并进行同义替换和句式转换。原文主要对比了出国学习和在家利用科技学习外语的两种观点，并指出关键因素是学习者的动机和努力。概要需涵盖：1. 两种观点（出国 vs. 在家）；2. 核心结论（动机与努力）。
易错点：学生可能直接抄写原文句子，如‘Many people believe that...’；或遗漏核心结论‘the key factor...’；在改写时可能用词不准，如将‘immersive’简单替换为‘good’，导致语义不精确。
8解答题
请阅读以下句子，并回答问题。
1. The news that he won the award surprised everyone.
2. The news that he announced surprised everyone.
（1）请分析句1中 that 从句的语法功能。
（2）请分析句2中 that 从句的语法功能。
（3）结合以上两句，简述如何区分 that 引导的同位语从句和定语从句。
答案：（1）在句1中，that 从句 "that he won the award" 是同位语从句。它解释说明了抽象名词 "the news" 的具体内容，即“他获奖”这一消息本身。从句成分完整（he won the award），that 在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用。
（2）在句2中，that 从句 "that he announced" 是定语从句。它修饰先行词 "the news"，说明是“他宣布的”那条消息。that 在从句中充当动词 "announced" 的宾语（即 he announced the news），可以被 which 替换。
（3）区分 that 引导的同位语从句和定语从句主要看三点：第一，从句作用不同：同位语从句解释说明抽象名词（如news, fact, idea等）的内容；定语从句修饰限定先行词。第二，that 的语法功能不同：在同位语从句中，that 不充当成分；在定语从句中，that 充当主语、宾语等成分。第三，先行词不同：同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词；定语从句的先行词可以是名词或代词。
解析：本题旨在辨析名词性从句（同位语从句）与定语从句这两个易混概念。学生需通过具体句子分析，理解 that 从句在不同语境下的语法功能。易错点在于：1. 混淆两种从句的功能，误将解释说明内容的同位语从句当作修饰限定的定语从句。2. 忽略 that 在从句中的成分分析，仅凭“that从句跟在名词后”就断定是定语从句。解题关键在于准确判断从句是否对名词内容进行补充说明，并分析 that 在从句中是否充当句子成分。